Table 2.
Scores on the 3Di-Adult DSM-5 algorithm by group
| Autism spectrum condition (n = 39) | Non-clinical comparison (n = 29) | Clinical Comparison (n = 20) | Significance | Group difference expressed as standardised effect size (Cohen’s d) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASC v NCC | ASC v CC | NCC v CC | |||||
| A-scale | |||||||
| Social communication and social interaction | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.3 (0.8) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.7 (1.0) | p < .001 | 5.1* | 2.9* | − 0.6 |
| 95% confidence interval | 3.0–3.6 | 0.2–0.4 | 0.3–1.2 | ||||
| Range (0–6) | 1.5–4.6 | 0.0–1.0 | 0.1–3.4 | ||||
| A1: social emotional reciprocity | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.4) | p < .001 | 3.4* | 2.0* | − 0.7 |
| 95% confidence interval | 1.0–1.2 | 0.1–0.2 | 0.1–0.4 | ||||
| Range (0–2) | 0.2–1.9 | 0.0–0.6 | 0.0–1.3 | ||||
| A2: deficits in nonverbal behaviour used for social interaction | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.0 (0.4) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.3) | p < .001 | 3.1* | 2.6* | − 0.4 |
| 95% confidence interval | 0.9–1.1 | 0.0–0.1 | 0.4–0.6 | ||||
| Range (0–2) | 0.3–1.8 | 0.0–0.3 | 0.0–1.8 | ||||
| A3: deficits in forming, maintaining and understanding relationships | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.4) | p < .001 | 4.9* | 2.5* | − 0.7 |
| 95% confidence interval | 1.1–1.3 | 0.1–0.2 | 0.1–0.5 | ||||
| Range (0–2) | 0.7–1.8 | 0.0–0.4 | 0.0–1.3 | ||||
| B-scale | |||||||
| Restricted repetitive patterns of behaviour, activities or interests | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.3 (1.8) | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.9) | p < .001 | 3.0* | 2.5* | − 0.4 |
| 95% confidence interval | 3.8–4.9 | 0.2–0.5 | 0.4–1.1 | ||||
| Range (0–8) | 0.2–7.6 | 0.0–1.3 | 0.0–2.5 | ||||
| B1: stereotyped or repetitive movementsa | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.0 (0.5) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.2) | p < .001 | 2.4* | 2.4* | 0.0 |
| 95% confidence interval | 0.9–1.2 | 0.0–0.2 | 0.0–0.2 | ||||
| Range (0–2) | 0.0–2.0 | 0.0–0.5 | 0.0–0.8 | ||||
| B2: insistence on sameness | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.7) | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.4) | p < .001 | 2.6* | 1.75* | -1.0 |
| 95% confidence interval | 1.1–1.5 | 0.0–0.1 | 0.1–0.5 | ||||
| Range (0–2) | 0.00–2.00 | 0.0–0.7 | 0.0–1.3 | ||||
| B3: restricted fixated interests | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.6) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.3) | p < .001 | 2.2* | 2.1* | 0.0 |
| 95% confidence interval | 1.0–1.4 | 0.1–0.3 | 0.1–0.3 | ||||
| Range (0–2) | 0.0–2.0 | 0.0–0.8 | 0.0–1.2 | ||||
| B4: abnormal sensory response | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.8 (0.6) | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.2) | p < .001 | 1.9* | 1.3* | -1.3 |
| 95% confidence interval | 0.6–1.0 | 0.0–0.1 | 0.1–0.3 | ||||
| Range (0–2) | 0.0–2.0 | 0.0–0.4 | 0.0–0.6 | ||||
aNCC group n = 26, due to one case lacking sufficient data to calculate B1 score, *p < .001