Table 3.
Dynamic Change | Cytokine | Controls | ME/CFS |
---|---|---|---|
↑ | Interleukin-2* | √ | |
Interleukin-4* | √ | √ | |
Interleukin-5* | √ | √ | |
Interleukin-12p40* | √ | ||
Interleukin-15* | √ | √ | |
Interleukin-17F† | √ | ||
Leukemia inhibitory factor† | √ | ||
CXCL 10 | √ | ||
Interferon-β‡ | √ | √ | |
Tumor necrosis factor-α† | √ | ||
Nerve growth factor | √ | √ | |
Vascular endothelial growth factor | √ | √ | |
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor§ | √ | √ | |
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor*§ | √ | ||
Stem cell factor§ | √ | √ | |
↓ | Interleukin-8† | √ | |
CXCL1 | √ | √ | |
CCL3 | √ | √ | |
CCL4 | √ | ||
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand† | √ | ||
Tumor necrosis factor-β | √ | ||
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 | √ |
Cytokines are presented by categories as interleukin, chemokines, interferon, growth factors and stimulating factors. *Adaptive immunity. †Pro-Inflammatory signaling. ‡Anti-inflammatory signaling. §Hematopoiesis √ - dynamic change with exercise.