Table 3.

Factors that dynamically change with exercise.

Dynamic Change	Cytokine	Controls	ME/CFS
↑	Interleukin-2*	√
	Interleukin-4*	√	√
	Interleukin-5*	√	√
	Interleukin-12p40*	√
	Interleukin-15*	√	√
	Interleukin-17F†	√
	Leukemia inhibitory factor†	√
	CXCL 10		√
	Interferon-β‡	√	√
	Tumor necrosis factor-α†	√
	Nerve growth factor	√	√
	Vascular endothelial growth factor	√	√
	Granulocyte colony stimulating factor§	√	√
	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor*§	√
	Stem cell factor§	√	√
↓	Interleukin-8†		√
	CXCL1	√	√
	CCL3	√	√
	CCL4		√
	Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand†	√
	Tumor necrosis factor-β		√
	Intercellular adhesion molecule 1		√

Cytokines are presented by categories as interleukin, chemokines, interferon, growth factors and stimulating factors. *Adaptive immunity. ^†Pro-Inflammatory signaling. ^‡Anti-inflammatory signaling. ^§Hematopoiesis √ - dynamic change with exercise.