. 2018 Feb 6;9:81. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00081

Table 1.

Localization and main mitochondrial effects of viral proteins.

Virus	Viral Protein	Localization	Main effects on mitochondria	Key References
HTLV-1	p13	IMM^a nucleus^f	Fragmentation^b mtROS production (low doses), irreversible swelling depolarization and cytochrome c release (high dose)^c Reduced mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake^d Recruitment of SFKs to the intermembrane space^e	Ciminale et al., 1999^b; D'Agostino et al., 2002^a; Silic-Benussi et al., 2009^c; Biasiotto et al., 2010^d; Tibaldi et al., 2011^e; Andresen et al., 2011^f
EBV	BHRF1	OMM^a	Binds BH3-only proteins and inhibits Bak-Bax oligomerization in OMM^b	Hickish et al., 1994^a; Cross et al., 2008^b; Flanagan and Letai, 2008^b; Kvansakul et al., 2010^b
KSHV	K7	Mitochondria^a, ER^b, nuclear membranes^c	Blocks apoptosis by forming bridge with Bcl-2 and Caspase-3^d	Feng et al., 2002^a; Wang et al., 2002^{a, b, c, d}
	KS-Bcl-2	Mitochondria^a, nucleus^b	Blocks apoptosis by binding to BH3 domains of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins^c and by sequestration of Aven^d	Kalt et al., 2010 ^{a, b}; Gallo et al., 2017^{a, b}; Flanagan and Letai, 2008^c; Chau et al., 2000^d
HBV	HBx	Nucleus^a, cytoplasm^b, Mitochondria^c, in OMM^d	Change in $Δ ψ_{m}^{e, f}$ Increased mtROS^g Increased COXIII activity^h Increased mitochondrial uptake of Ca²⁺ⁱ Increased mitochondria fission through translocation of Drp1 and degration of Mfn2^j Targeting of Parkin to mitochondria and mitophagy^k Degradation of Mfn2¹	Henkler et al., 2001^{a, b, c}; Takada et al., 1999^{c, f}; Huh and Siddiqui, 2002^d; Rahmani et al., 2000^f; Shirakata and Koike, 2003^f; Clippinger and Bouchard, 2008^{d, f}; Zheng et al., 2014^{e, h}; Ren et al., 2016^g;Zou et al., 2015^h; Yang and Bouchard, 2012ⁱ; Kim et al., 2013a,b^{j, k}
	Pol	Mitochondria^a	n. d.	Unchwaniwala et al., 2016^a
HCV	Core	ER^a, OMM^b, MAMs^c, lipid droplets^d	Loss of $Δ ψ_{m}^{e}$ Increased mtROS^f Increased uptake of Ca^2+g promotion^h or inhibitionⁱ of mitophagy	Lo et al., 1995^a; Santolini et al., 1995^a; Barba et al., 1997^d; Schwer et al., 2004^{b, c}; Benali-Furet et al., 2005^{e, g}; Suzuki et al., 2005^{a, b}; Rouille et al., 2006^{a, d}; Machida et al., 2006^e; Wang et al., 2010^{b, c};Chu et al., 2011^f;Kim et al., 2013b^h; Hara et al., 2014ⁱ
	P7	ER^a, MAMs^b	Loss of $Δ ψ_{m}^{c}$	Griffin et al., 2005^b; Haqshenas et al., 2007^a; Qi et al., 2017^c
	NS4A	ER, Mitochondria	Perinuclear clustering^b Loss of $Δ ψ_{m}^{c}$	Nomura-Takigawa et al., 2006^{a, b, c}
	NS3/4A	ER^a, MAMs^b, mitochondria^c	Cleavage of MAVS^d	Wolk et al., 2000^{a, b}; Nomura-Takigawa et al., 2006^{a, c}; Horner et al., 2011^d; Bender et al., 2015^d
HPV	E1^∧E4	Cytokeratin network^a, Mitochondria^b	Dissociation from microtubules, perinuclear clustering^c Loss of $Δ ψ_{m}^{d}$	Doorbar et al., 1991^a; Raj et al., 2004^{a, b, c, d}
	E2	Nucleus^a, cytoplasm^b, Mitochondria^c	Perinuclear clustering^d, loss of cristae structure^e Loss of $Δ ψ_{m}^{f}$ Increased mtROS^g	Blachon et al., 2005^{a, b}; Lai et al., 2013^{a, b, c, d, e, f, g}; Chen et al., 2014^f

ER, endoplasmic reticulum; MAM, mitochondria-associated membranes; OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane; IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane; ΔΨ_m, mitochondrial membrane potential; mtROS, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species; cyt c, cytochrome c. Letters in superscript indicate references for each property listed columns.