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. 2018 Feb 6;9:51. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00051

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Copyright © 2018 Di Paola, Fusco, Gugliandolo, D'Amico, Campolo, Latteri, Carughi, Mandalari and Cuzzocrea.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of pistachios on infarct size and area at risk. In STZ-ischemia-reperfusion rats, myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion resulted in significantly increased infarct size (B) when compared with sham-operated animals in (A). Blue stained region indicates non-ischemic, normal region; red-stained region indicates ischemic/reperfused but not infarcted region; and negative-stained region indicates ischemic/reperfused infarcted region. NP caused a significant reduction in myocardial infarct size when compared with vehicle-treated animals (C). The effect of NP was higher compared with RP (D). Quantification of myocardial infarct size expressed as percentage (E) and as percentage of area-at-risk(AAR) (F). Data are means ± S.E.M. of 10 rats for each group. ^*P < 0.05 vs. sham, °P < 0.05 vs. ischemia-reperfusion.