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. 2018 Feb 6;9:51. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00051

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Copyright © 2018 Di Paola, Fusco, Gugliandolo, D'Amico, Campolo, Latteri, Carughi, Mandalari and Cuzzocrea.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of pistachios on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Histological examination (haematoxylin/eosin staining) showed tissue damage, necrosis with massive neutrophil infiltration in ischemic reperfused-heart (B) compared to sham rats whose histological myocardial structure was typical of a normal architecture (A). NP (30 mg/kg) treatment (C) showed an important reduction of tissue damage compared to the STZ-I/R group (B). RP provided a minor effect on tissue damage (D). The histological score was made by independent observer (E). Moreover neutrophil infiltration was significantly increased in STZ- myocardial I/R- rats in comparison to sham (F). NP-treated rats showed an important decrease of neutrophil infiltration (F). Treatment with RP did not provide a significant decrease in MPO activity (F). Data are means ± S.E.M. of 10 rats for each group. ^*P < 0.05 vs. sham, °P < 0.05 vs. ischemia-reperfusion.