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. 2018 Feb 6;9:51. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00051

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Copyright © 2018 Di Paola, Fusco, Gugliandolo, D'Amico, Campolo, Latteri, Carughi, Mandalari and Cuzzocrea.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of pistachios on nitrotyrosine and PAR. Immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine (C) and PAR (D) showed positive staining in the heart tissue section from STZ-I/R -treated rats, compared to the sham treated animals (A,B). The intensity of the positive staining for nitrotyrosine (E) and PAR (F) was significantly reduced in the heart from natural raw pistachios-treated rats. Treatments with RP did not provide a significant reduction in nitrotyrosine production (G) and PAR (H). Densitometry analysis of immunocytochemistry photographs (n = 5 photos from each sample collected from all rats in each experimental group) for nitrotyrosine (I) and PAR (L) from heart tissues was assessed. The assay was carried out by using Optilab Graftek software on a Macintosh personal computer (CPU G3-266). Data are expressed as % of total tissue area. This figure is representative of at least 3 experiments performed on different experimental days. Data are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. from n = 10 rats for each group. ^*P < 0.05 vs. sham, °P < 0.05 vs. I/R.