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. 2018 Feb 6;8:1084. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01084

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Copyright © 2018 Ripamonti.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Morphogenetic landscape of the geometric induction of tissue morphogenesis and tissue patterning by specific geometric configurations of titanium substrata coated with highly crystalline high adhesion sintered hydroxyapatite harvested 5 days after rectus abdominis implantation. (A,B) Lack of cellular differentiation and trafficking (white arrows) on planar control hydroxyapatite-coated titanium substrata. (C,D) Hyper cellularity, cellular patterning and cellular assembling (light blue arrows) along concavities of the titanium bioreactor, underlying the morphogenetic and inductive capacity of “the concavity: the shape of life“ (Ripamonti, 2006). (E,F) Tissue patterning and assemblages of tractional collagenic gradients across the concavities by synthesized collagen fibers from edge to edge of the elevated margins of the concavities, later transformed into intramembranous bone bridges across concavities of the highly sintered crystalline constructs as shown in (A,C).