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. 2018 Feb 7;9:28. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00028

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Copyright © 2018 Li, Yang, Wang and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Knockdown of ATG12 delayed midgut programed cell death. (A) The phenotype of the midgut 72 h after dsATG12 (1 µg) injection to sixth instar 6 h larvae. (B) Hematoxylin and eosin staining shows the midgut structure 72 and 96 h after dsGFP and dsATG12 injection, respectively. (C) Levels of the indicated proteins in the midgut after ATG12 knockdown using antibodies against H. armigera LC3 and β-actin; cleaved Caspase-3 was detected with the “anti-mammalian” Caspase-3 antibody. (c) Statistical analysis of the data in (C). Bars represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments; significance of differences determined by Student’s t-test: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. (D,E) The specificity of the antibodies and molecular weight of LC3 and Caspase-3. The standard molecular masses of the proteins are same as in Figure 1A.