Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Clinical Presentation of 549 Adults with Community-Acquired Meningitis With or Without HIV Infection
| HIV infected, n = 138 | Non-HIV infected, n = 411 | pa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||
| Median age, years (range) | 50 (19–74) | 44 (18–99) | 0.007 |
| Age >60 year, n (%) | 5 (3.6) | 35 (8.5) | 0.05 |
| Gender—male, n (%) | 70 (51) | 232 (56) | 0.2 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| White | 27 (20) | 140 (34) | 0.01 |
| African American | 89 (63) | 186 (45) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 22 (15) | 77 (19) | 0.5 |
| Other | 3 (2) | 8 (2) | 0.3 |
| Intravenous drug use, n (%) | 26/113 (23) | 13/339 (4) | <0.001 |
| Presenting signs and symptoms, n (%) | |||
| Headache | 107/130 (82) | 354/392 (90) | 0.01 |
| Fever | 53/116 (46) | 137/339 (40) | 0.32 |
| Neck stiffness | 54/129 (42) | 203/385 (53) | 0.04 |
| Photophobia | 51/122 (42) | 172/358 (48) | 0.24 |
| Seizures | 6/131 (4.5) | 44/398 (11) | 0.02 |
| Mental status changes | 29/121 (24) | 66/281 (23) | 0.50 |
| Kernig sign | 1/67 (1.5) | 15/150 (10) | 0.02 |
| Brudzinski sign | 3/67 (4.5) | 11/146 (7.5) | 0.5 |
| Skin rash | 7/133 (5.2) | 20/403 (0.2) | 0.8 |
| Abnormal neurological examinationb | 26/63 (41) | 73/201 (36) | 0.55 |
| Nausea | 70/129 (54) | 244/390 (63) | 0.09 |
| Malaise | 64/126 (51) | 153/379 (40) | 0.04 |
| Respiratory symptoms | 41/130 (32) | 69/388 (18) | 0.001 |
| Glasgow Coma Scale <15 | 26/121 (21) | 53/337 (16) | 0.16 |
a
p Value comparing HIV-infected versus non-HIV-infected adults.
b
Abnormal neurological examination: seizures, abnormal mental status (disorientation or Glasgow Coma Scale <15), cranial nerve abnormality, focal motor deficit, or aphasia.
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.