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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 12.
Published in final edited form as: J Endocrinol. 2017 Aug 14;235(2):R63–R76. doi: 10.1530/JOE-17-0076

Figure 4. A schematic representation of paracrine signaling between vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the fetal pancreas.

Figure 4

Increased VEGFA enhances endothelial cell HGF, islet size, islet vascularity, and β-cell mass, and decreases islet apoptosis. Increased HGF increases islet VEGFA and enhances islet insulin secretion. As depicted by the red lines, IUGR decreases expression of islet vascularity and VEFGA, as well as endothelial cell HGF. VEFGA expression is increased with exogenous amino acid supplementation.