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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 2.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2018 Feb 2;122(3):399–401. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.312512

Figure. The effects of RNA editing.

Figure

ADARs preferentially bind double-stranded RNA and convert adenosine (A) into iosine (I). Upon transcription to cDNA, inosine is converted to guanine (G) in RNA, which is not present in the corresponding genomic DNA. In diseased human hearts, more RNA editing sites have been recorded for some genes, while in the regenerating newt heart, the adar1 protein is localized more in the nucleus of renerating cardiomyocytes than in the cytoplasm. Due to lack of comprehensive studies of RNA editing in the heart, more systematic research is needed to uncover the roles of ADARs and the effects of RNA editing in cardiovascular disease.