Table 2.

Cognitive function test scores of participants

Variables (score)	Control group	Mild COPD	Moderate COPD	Severe COPD	F-value	P-value
MoCA	26.17±1.29	24.34±2.39*	22.20±3.44*,#	21.75±2.83*,#	17.44	0.001
Visuospatial executive	4.53±0.57	4.03±0.86	3.40±1.04*	3.12±0.99*,#	14.43	0.001
Naming function	3.00±0.00	2.90±0.31	2.77±0.50	2.83±0.38	2.38	0.07
Attention	5.40±0.56	5.24±0.69	4.73±0.91*	4.88±0.74*	5.19	0.002
Verbal	1.90±0.48	1.79±0.82	1.60±0.62	1.46±0.78	2.26	0.08
Abstraction	1.80±0.41	1.45±0.78	1.33±0.76*	1.46±0.59	2.83	0.04
Delay recall	3.33±0.96	2.90±1.24	2.40±1.25*	2.58±0.83*	4.10	0.008
Orientation	5.97±0.18	5.90±0.41	5.77±0.43	5.46±0.59*,#	7.51	0.001

Notes: Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation, except where indicated otherwise.

^*P<0.05, versus control group;

^#P<0.05, versus mild COPD.

Abbreviation: MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.