Table 2.
Means, standard deviations and heritabilities (h2) for root system architecture at early development at BBCH 12 (ERD) and BBCH 16 under high (HP) and low (LP) P availability, total dry matter (TDM), P uptake (PUP) and P concentration (PCONC)
| Traita | Category | ERD | HP | LP | ANOVAb | h 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | s.d. | Gb | Mean | s.d. | Mean | s.d. | E | G | G×E | |||
| ND (cm) | Extent | 25.44 | 5.56 | ns | 25.13 | 3.07 | 25.56 | 2.27 | * | ns | ns | 0.14 |
| NW (cm) | Extent | 3.15 | 3.09 | ns | 12.35 | 4.27 | 12.98 | 3.49 | * | *** | ns | 0.28 |
| NCA (cm2) | Extent | 68.43 | 59.14 | *** | 188.95 | 84.03 | 192.90 | 67.64 | ns | *** | ns | 0.45 |
| MaEA (cm) | Extent | 27.93 | 7.50 | ** | 18.29 | 3.64 | 17.57 | 3.15 | ** | *** | ns | 0.37 |
| MiEA (cm) | Extent | 2.97 | 3.12 | ns | 10.66 | 3.63 | 10.31 | 2.93 | ns | *** | ns | 0.34 |
| NL (cm) | Size | 94.77 | 59.21 | ** | 880.68 | 471.99 | 934.64 | 341.49 | * | *** | ns | 0.30 |
| NAR (cm2) | Size | 3.34 | 1.64 | *** | 24.83 | 13.24 | 24.22 | 8.79 | ns | *** | ns | 0.35 |
| NP (cm) | Size | 189.08 | 116.07 | ** | 1542.28 | 795.03 | 1715.32 | 607.84 | *** | *** | ns | 0.33 |
| NSA (cm2) | Size | 12.40 | 6.47 | *** | 98.14 | 53.94 | 93.82 | 34.17 | ns | *** | ns | 0.34 |
| NV (cm3) | Size | 0.171 | 0.178 | ns | 1.183 | 0.743 | 0.973 | 0.411 | *** | *** | ** | 0.37 |
| ARW (cm) | Size | 0.046 | 0.012 | ns | 0.036 | 0.004 | 0.032 | 0.004 | *** | *** | ns | 0.39 |
| NB | Distribution | – | – | – | 2.456 | 1.190 | 1.896 | 0.516 | *** | ns | ns | 0.06 |
| NLD | Distribution | 1.006 | 0.594 | ** | 0.133 | 0.200 | 0.098 | 0.132 | ** | *** | ns | 0.39 |
| NS (cm2 cm−2) | Distribution | 0.073 | 0.044 | ns | 0.132 | 0.036 | 0.127 | 0.027 | * | ns | ns | 0.05 |
| MNR | Distribution | – | – | – | 37.469 | 16.352 | 38.899 | 13.647 | ns | *** | ns | 0.22 |
| MeNR | Distribution | – | – | – | 17.187 | 9.309 | 21.466 | 7.990 | *** | ** | ns | 0.14 |
| SRL (cm cm−3) | Distribution | 604.750 | 240.157 | ns | 786.470 | 179.665 | 997.648 | 242.306 | *** | *** | ns | 0.33 |
| EAR (cm cm−1) | Shape | 0.106 | 0.105 | ns | 0.592 | 0.192 | 0.597 | 0.169 | ns | *** | ns | 0.17 |
| NWDR (cm cm−1) | Shape | 0.123 | 0.132 | ns | 0.492 | 0.166 | 0.509 | 0.138 | ns | *** | ns | 0.19 |
| TDM (g) | – | – | – | – | 254.18 | 135.74 | 143.39 | 48.89 | *** | * | * | 0.32 |
| PCONC (mg g−1) | – | – | – | – | 2.65 | 2.88 | 0.62 | 0.43 | *** | ns | ns | 0.05 |
| PUP (mg) | – | – | – | – | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.08 | 0.05 | *** | ns | ns | 0.03 |
aTrait abbreviations are explained in Table 1.
bANOVA results for genotypes (G) at ERD and environments (E), genotypes, and genotype × environment interactions (G×E) at HP and LP. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant.