Table 1. Characteristics of Study Participants by Prepregnancy Obesity Status.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Obese Womena | Nonobese Womenb | ||
| Maternal | |||
| Sample size, No. | 443 | 2320 | .11 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 27.8 (5.6) | 28.2 (5.5) | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 123 (37.8) | 610 (26.3) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 165 (36.3) | 605 (26.1) | |
| Hispanic | 150 (33.9) | 646 (27.8) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 5 (1.1) | 459 (19.8) | |
| Prepregnancy weight, mean (SD), kg | 91.5 (13.0) | 62.5 (9.6) | <.001 |
| Height, mean (SD), cm | 162.8 (6.9) | 162.5 (7.1) | .46 |
| Prepregnancy BMI, mean (SD)a | 34.5 (3.9) | 23.6 (3.1) | <.001 |
| Parity | <.001 | ||
| 0 | 158 (35.6) | 1143 (49.3) | |
| 1 | 145 (32.4) | 788 (34.0) | |
| 2 | 79 (18.1) | 277 (11.9) | |
| ≥3 | 81 (13.8) | 62 (4.8) | |
| Never married | 125 (28.2) | 498 (21.5) | <.001 |
| Education | <.001 | ||
| <High school | 70 (15.8) | 252 (10.9) | |
| High school/GED | 107 (24.2) | 401 (17.3) | |
| Some college/associate degree | 154 (35.8) | 677 (29.2) | |
| College undergraduate degree | 77 (17.7) | 562 (24.2) | |
| Postgraduate degree | 35 (8.2) | 427 (18.4) | |
| Private health insurance | 209 (51.0) | 1239 (57.6) | .03 |
| Pregnancy complications | <.001 | ||
| Preeclampsia | 33 (7.4) | 78 (3.4) | <.001 |
| Gestational hypertension | 50 (11.3) | 70 (3.0) | <.001 |
| Gestational diabetes | 37 (8.4) | 85 (3.7) | <.001 |
| Placenta abruption | 5 (1.1) | 29 (1.3) | .83 |
| Cesarean delivery | 151 (34.1) | 585 (25.2) | <.001 |
| Neonatal | |||
| Gestational age at delivery, mean (SD), wk | 39.0 (2.3) | 39.2 (1.8) | .29 |
| Birth weight, mean (SD), g | 3373.2 (484.4) | 3279.5 (466.7) | <.001 |
| Male | 204 (47.7) | 1104 (51.9) | .13 |
| Macrosomiab | 35 (7.9) | 118 (5.1) | .04 |
| Large for gestational age | 47 (11.7) | 176 (8.3) | .03 |
| Small for gestational age | 26 (6.5) | 190 (9.0) | .10 |
| IUGR | 5 (1.1) | 38 (1.8) | .43 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); GED, General Educational Development; IUGR, idiopathic intrauterine growth restriction: estimated fetal weight <10% of normal.
a
As estimated from self-reported pregravid weight and height at enrollment; obese women have BMI of 30 or more; nonobese women have BMIs of 19 to 29.99.
b
Macrosomia: birth weight ≥4000 g.