Table 7.
Robustness to Alternative Specifications and Sample Restrictions for the Non-Elderly Insured (Ages 25 to 64) Credit Report Sample
| [Baseline] | Individual FEs | Balanced Panel | Lowest Predicted Mortality Quartile | Including Individuals with Prior Hospitalizations | ER Admissions | Non-Deferrable (Weekend/Weekday Ratio ~ 2/5) | Excluding Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
| Panel A: Number of Collections to Date | ||||||||
| 12-month effect | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.10 |
| (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.009) | (0.004) | (0.006) | (0.012) | (0.005) | |
| [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | |
| 48-month effect | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.21 |
| (0.019) | (0.018) | (0.022) | (0.038) | (0.018) | (0.025) | (0.048) | (0.02) | |
| [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | |
| Pre-hospitalization mean | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.78 | 1.1 | 0.91 | 1.1 | 1 | 0.90 |
| Panel B: Collection Balances | ||||||||
| 12-month effect | 122 | 138 | 138 | 91 | 156 | 194 | 185 | 117 |
| (13) | (14) | (15) | (24) | (12) | (18) | (34) | (13) | |
| [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | |
| 48-month effect | 302 | 335 | 281 | 218 | 404 | 415 | 457 | 302 |
| (37) | (41) | (49) | (72) | (35) | (50) | (94) | (39) | |
| [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [0.002] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | |
| Pre-hospitalization mean | 1,230 | 1,230 | 1,012 | 1,334 | 1,316 | 1,500 | 1,369 | 1,188 |
| Panel C: Any Bankruptcy to Date | ||||||||
| 12-month effect | 0.0013 | 0.00092 | 0.0013 | 0.0016 | 0.0018 | 0.00095 | 0.00091 | 0.0013 |
| (0.00031) | (0.00031) | (0.00039) | (0.00060) | (0.00029) | (0.00037) | (0.00069) | (0.00032) | |
| [<.001] | [0.0031] | [<.001] | [0.0078] | [<.001] | [0.01] | [0.19] | [<.001] | |
| 48-month effect | 0.0042 | 0.0029 | 0.0039 | 0.005 | 0.0055 | 0.0035 | 0.004 | 0.0043 |
| (0.0009) | (0.0010) | (0.0012) | (0.0018) | (0.0009) | (0.0011) | (0.0021) | (0.0010) | |
| [<.001] | [0.0023] | [0.0016] | [0.0047] | [<.001] | [0.0017] | [0.055] | [<.001] | |
| Pre-hospitalization mean | 0.034 | 0.034 | 0.035 | 0.039 | 0.033 | 0.036 | 0.034 | 0.034 |
| Panel D: Credit Limit | ||||||||
| 12-month effect | −515 | −539 | −758 | −87 | −924 | −167 | 273 | −483 |
| (154) | (164) | (206) | (265) | (139) | (168) | (316) | (162) | |
| [<.001] | [0.001] | [<.001] | [0.74] | [<.001] | [0.32] | [0.39] | [0.0028] | |
| 48-month effect | −2,215 | −2,170 | −2,414 | −661 | −4,124 | −1,799 | −484 | −2,173 |
| (440) | (485) | (637) | (758) | (395) | (466) | (872) | (461) | |
| [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [0.38] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [0.58] | [<.001] | |
| Pre-hospitalization mean | 37,664 | 37,664 | 41,024 | 30,082 | 35,589 | 33,444 | 33,533 | 38,345 |
| Panel E: Credit Score | ||||||||
| 12-month effect | −1.6 | −1.5 | −1.9 | −1.4 | −1.7 | −1.5 | −1.1 | −1.6 |
| (0.18) | (0.17) | (0.24) | (0.32) | (0.17) | (0.21) | (0.41) | (0.18) | |
| [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [.0057] | [<.001] | |
| 48-month effect | −1.8 | −1.8 | −1.4 | −1.8 | −2.3 | .38 | −.26 | −2 |
| (0.45) | (0.46) | (0.67) | (0.79) | (0.42) | (0.55) | (1) | (0.47) | |
| [<.001] | [<.001] | [0.036] | [0.025] | [<.001] | [0.48] | [0.8] | [<.001] | |
| Pre-hospitalization mean | 731 | 731 | 736 | 705 | 726 | 718 | 720 | 733 |
| Panel F: Credit Card Balances | ||||||||
| 12-month effect | −293 | −294 | −365 | 37 | −448 | −269 | −159 | −261 |
| (94) | (104) | (128) | (170) | (85) | (104) | (202) | (98) | |
| [0.0018] | [0.0048] | [0.0044] | [0.83] | [<.001] | [0.0098] | [0.43] | [0.0078] | |
| 48-month effect | −1,208 | −1,180 | −1,562 | −169 | −1,988 | −1,275 | −693 | −1,153 |
| (253) | (290) | (391) | (458) | (226) | (275) | (532) | (264) | |
| [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [0.71] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [0.19] | [<.001] | |
| Pre-hospitalization mean | 11,942 | 11,942 | 13,026 | 10,589 | 11,309 | 10,714 | 10,810 | 12,130 |
| Panel G: Automobile Loan Balance | ||||||||
| 12-month effect | −102 | −137 | −151 | −63 | −130 | −122 | −115 | −95 |
| (28) | (31) | (38) | (56) | (26) | (33) | (63) | (30) | |
| [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [0.26] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [0.068] | [0.0013] | |
| 48-month effect | −507 | −568 | −782 | −639 | −531 | −580 | −665 | −503 |
| (71) | (83) | (110) | (139) | (65) | (82) | (158) | (74) | |
| [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | [<.001] | |
| Pre-hospitalization mean | 6,684 | 6,684 | 7,288 | 7,370 | 6,512 | 6,446 | 6,503 | 6,748 |
| Number of Individuals | 383,718 | 383,718 | 297,068 | 93,224 | 480,127 | 241,400 | 74,314 | 351,753 |
| Number of Observations | 3,131,534 | 3,131,534 | 1,782,408 | 810,774 | 3,836,488 | 1,958,271 | 600,610 | 2,876,934 |
Notes: Column 1 replicates results for the non-elderly insured (see Tables 5 and 6 and notes to Table 5 for details). All other columns indicate specific departures from the baseline sample and specification as follows: Column 2 adds individual fixed effects to the estimating equation (see equation (17)). Column 3 limits the analysis to a balanced panel of individuals with non-missing data for the two years before and four years after their hospitalization. Column 4 restricts the sample to individuals in the lowest quartile of predicted mortality risk based on age and diagnosis-related group for the index admission. Column 5 adds back to the baseline sample insured individuals who had a prior hospital admission within the last three years. Column 6 restricts the sample to admissions through the emergency room. Column 7 restricts to non-deferrable admissions, which are limited to the subset of admissions that originate through the ER and have an ICD-9 code as the primary diagnosis that has weekend to weekday frequencies closest to the 2:5 ratio that we would expect if there is no delay in care. Column 8 excludes admissions for “ambulatory care sensitive conditions.”