Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Included Subjects: NHANES 1999–2002 Cohort
| Overall | ALM | ALM:BMI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Present | Absent | P-value | Present | Absent | p-value | ||
| Age, years ± s.e. | 70.9±0.28 | 73.4±0.42 | 69.6±0.33 | <0.001 | 72.0±0.32 | 70.2±0.30 | <0.001 |
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| Female Sex | 1, 312 (49.1) | 530 (40.7) | 743 (59.3) | <0.001 | 278 (18.1) | 955 (81.9) | <0.001 |
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| Weight, kg | 77.5±0.40 | 60.4±0.48 | 84.5±0.44 | <0.001 | 78.5±0.89 | 77.3±0.46 | 0.22 |
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| Race | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Hispanic American | 664 (7.8) | 241 (10.9) | 405 (6.4) | 269 (13.4) | 360 (6.0) | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1,557 (82.7) | 461 (82.9) | 1,045 (82.9) | 346 (81.0) | 1,103 (83.3) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 397 (6.9) | 34 (2.2) | 345 (8.6) | 24 (2.0) | 347 (8.1) | ||
| Other | 54 (2.7) | 22 (4.1) | 30 (2.1) | 14 (3.7) | 38 (2.5) | ||
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| Co-Morbid Conditions | |||||||
| Hypertension | 1,192 (88.5) | 323 (88.0) | 824 (88.6) | 0.83 | 300 (85.9) | 802 (88.8) | 0.28 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 537 (16.9) | 113 (11.6) | 537 (18.9) | 0.002 | 153 (21.8) | 343 (15.2) | 0.01 |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 175 (6.2) | 62 (7.6) | 102 (5.3) | 0.11 | 62 (9.4) | 94 (5.0) | 0.009 |
| Non-skin cancer | 471 (20.6) | 136 (20.3) | 317 (20.6) | 0.90 | 128 (26.0) | 268 (14.9) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 186 (6.7) | 60 (8.0) | 113 (5.8) | 0.08 | 57 (8.6) | 102 (5.5) | 0.09 |
| COPD | 252 (11.6) | 102 (17.4) | 145 (9.4) | 0.002 | 71 (13.8) | 167 (11.1) | 0.26 |
| Osteoporosis | 60 (2.0) | 18 (2.3) | 35 (1.7) | 0.47 | 15 (2.3) | 32 (1.6) | 0.34 |
| Kidney Disease | 61 (4.0) | 18 (3.1) | 42 (4.4) | 0.38 | 22 (5.1) | 37 (3.7) | 0.46 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 444 (18.0) | 119 (18.0) | 303 (17.6) | 0.82 | 128 (26.0) | 268 (14.9) | <0.001 |
| Arthritis | 1,241 (49.2) | 347 (49.8) | 854 (49.0) | 0.82 | 317 (50.7) | 843 (48.5) | 0.60 |
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| Current Smoker | 0.002 | 0.86 | |||||
| Current | 326 (12.2) | 114 (16.2) | 201 (10.7) | 79 (11.6) | 225 (12.3) | ||
| Never | 1,253 (47.0) | 385 (50.9) | 825 (45.4) | 293 (46.8) | 879 (47.3) | ||
| Former | 1,087 (40.8) | 256 (32.9) | 797 (44.0) | 280 (41.7) | 740 (40.3) | ||
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| Physical Activity Level | 0.11 | 0.02 | |||||
| Sits | 780 (27.8) | 213 (26.1) | 506 (26.8) | 204 (31.1) | 466 (23.9) | ||
| Walks | 1,521 (56.4) | 457 (59.3) | 1,042 (56.5) | 366 (52.6) | 1,106 (59.6) | ||
| Light Loads | 300 (13.8) | 74 (13.7) | 223 (14.2) | 65 (14.0) | 227 (14.4) | ||
| Heavy Work | 63 (2.1) | 11 (0.95) | 49 (2.6) | 16 (2.2) | 43 (2.1) | ||
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| Anthropometric Measures | |||||||
| % Body Fat | 36.9±0.15 | 37.4±0.29 | 36.7±0.19 | 0.05 | 39.6±0.38 | 36.2±0.19 | <0.001 |
| ALM | 19.8±0.12 | 14.4±0.10 | 22.0±0.11 | <0.001 | 18.5±0.28 | 20.2±0.12 | <0.001 |
| % Skeletal Mass | 60.7±0.001 | 60.1±0.003 | 60.9±0.002 | 0.03 | 58.1±0.004 | 61.5±0.002 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.2±0.14 | 24.1±0.19 | 29.8±0.16 | <0.001 | 30.3±0.24 | 27.6±0.17 | <0.001 |
| WC, cm | 99.6±0.29 | 88.4±0.52 | 104.2±0.37 | <0.001 | 104.5±0.74 | 98.2±0.33 | <0.001 |
Data are mean ± standard errors or counts (%). Data are weighted according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey protocol
Abbreviations: ALM: appendicular lean mass; BMI – body mass index; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; WC – waist circumference;
Cutpoints for ALM were <19.75kg and <15.02kg in males and females, and for ALM:BMI were <0.789 kg and <0.512 kg