Table 1.
| No PPI Use | PPI use | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| N=3,082 | N=402 | |
| Age, median (IQR) | 74 (70, 80) | 75 (70, 81) |
| Female | 1809 (58.7) | 260 (64.7) |
| White | 2782 (90.3) | 354 (88.3) |
| Years of education, median (IQR) | 14 (12, 16) | 16 (12, 18) |
| Obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2) | 766 (25.4) | 106 (27.5) |
| Current smoker | 158 (5.1) | 6(1.5) |
| Fair/poor self-rated health | 453 (14.7) | 79 (19.7) |
| Regular exercisec | 2,226 (72.4) | 259 (64.9) |
| Treated hypertensiond | 1,831 (59.4) | 308 (76.6) |
| Treated diabetese | 250 (8.1) | 41 (10.2) |
| Strokef | 183 (5.9) | 40 (10.0) |
| Coronary heart diseaseg | 539 (17.5) | 93 (23.1) |
| Depression (CES-D score ≥ 10)h | 276 (9.1) | 54 (14.0) |
| Slow gait speed (<0.6m/sec) | 265 (8.6) | 48 (12.2) |
| Difficulty with ≥ 1 ADLs | 639 (20.8) | 123 (30.9) |
| Hospital admission within 2 yrs | 500(16.2) | 111 (27.6) |
| Charlson comorbidity score | ||
| 0 | 2,113 (68.6) | 216 (53.7) |
| 1 | 510 (16.5) | 82 (20.4) |
| 2+ | 459 (14.9) | 104 (25.9) |
| Use of any NSAIDsi | 2,243 (72.8) | 307 (76.4) |
| Use of any anticholinergic medicationsi | 2,367 (76.8) | 337 (83.8) |
| At least 1 APOE ε4 allele | 700 (25.8) | 80 (24.0) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; ADLs, Activities of Daily Living; NSAIDs, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs; IQR, interquartile range; PPI, Proton Pump Inhibitor.
Data are presented as N (%) unless otherwise noted. Column percentages based on non-missing data. Missing data for each variable: years of education (n=1), BMI (n=78), depression (n=57), smoking (n=8), regular exercise (n=9), self-rated health (n=7), slow gait speed (n=26), ADL (n=17) and APOE ε4 allele (n=435).
Use of PPIs was determined in the 10 years prior to baseline.
≥ 15 minutes of activity at least three times a week
Two or more fills in computerized pharmacy data for antihypertensive medications in 12 months prior to ACT study entry.
Two or more fills in computerized pharmacy data for insulin or oral diabetic medications in 12 months prior to ACT study entry.
Self-report or codes 430.X, 431.X, 432.X, 434.X, 436.X and 438.X from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
Self-reported history of heart attack, angina, angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass surgery
Score of 10 or greater on the modified version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) questionnaire.
From computerized pharmacy data in the 10 years prior to ACT study entry.