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. 2018 Feb 12;8:2814. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21098-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Activation of canonical BMP signaling on 3D Matrigel. P3 cells on 2D Matrigel were passaged at 2 × 10⁴/cm² to 2D Matrigel as a control and to 3D Matrigel with or without Noggin in MESCM + 5% FBS before being subjected to qRT-PCR for BMP ligands and receptors using the expression level for 2D Matrigel as the control (A, n = 3, *P < 0.05) and immunostaining to pSmad1/5/8 (B, nuclear counterstaining by Hoechst 33342, scale bars: 20 µm).