Table 1.
Identified plasma lipids, fold changes (FC) and p-values among CTL, CKD, and CKD + AO groups.
| Metabolite | CKD vs. Control | CKD + AO vs. CKD | CKD + AO vs. Control | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VIPa | FCb | p-valuec | p-valued | FDRe | FCb | p-valuec | p-valued | FDRe | FCb | p-valuec | p-valued | FDRe | |
| 8,9-EET | 6.9 | 0.76 | 2.94 × 10−02 | 3.50 × 10−02 | 3.20 × 10−02 | 1.26 | 2.05 × 10−01 | 3.66 × 10−01 | 3.78 × 10−04 | 0.96 | 7.63 × 10−01 | 5.35 × 10−01 | 1.40 × 10−05 |
| DG(44:6) | 4.7 | 0.51 | 1.93 × 10−02 | 3.50 × 10−02 | 2.61 × 10−02 | 3.05 | 1.80 × 10−02 | 1.4 × 10−02 | 3.36 × 10−02 | 1.57 | 6.14 × 10−01 | 7.10 × 10−01 | 7.00 × 10−06 |
| DG(35:1) | 4.2 | 0.73 | 3.70 × 10−02 | 2.21 × 10−02 | 3.78 × 10−02 | 0.60 | 4.80 × 10−03 | 4.70 × 10−03 | 2.49 × 10−02 | 0.44 | 3.70 × 10−05 | 5.83 × 10−04 | 1.73 × 10−04 |
| DG(40:9) | 2.4 | 0.81 | 4.92 × 10−03 | 1.20 × 10−03 | 2.05 × 10−02 | 1.07 | 2.72 × 10−01 | 7.31 × 10−01 | 2.23 × 10−02 | 0.87 | 2.04 × 10−02 | 2.62 × 10−02 | 5.72 × 10−02 |
| TG(46:6) | 2.3 | 1.47 | 2.27 × 10−02 | 2.21 × 10−02 | 2.83 × 10−02 | 1.37 | 7.62 × 10−03 | 2.30 × 10−03 | 2.48 × 10−02 | 2.01 | 7.43 × 10−01 | 9.02 × 10−01 | 9.42 × 10−02 |
| PE(33:3) | 2.1 | 1.35 | 2.50 × 10−02 | 1.40 × 10−02 | 3.01 × 10−02 | 0.88 | 3.90 × 10−01 | 6.28 × 10−01 | 3.60 × 10−02 | 1.18 | 4.03 × 10−02 | 3.79 × 10−02 | 8.38 × 10−02 |
| DG(42:4) | 1.6 | 0.61 | 1.88 × 10−02 | 3.50 × 10−02 | 2.58 × 10−02 | 0.33 | 5.34 × 10−03 | 4.70 × 10−03 | 9.08 × 10−02 | 0.20 | 1.00 × 10−06 | 5.83 × 10−04 | 2.12 × 10−01 |
| DG(46:6) | 1.3 | 0.28 | 2.04 × 10−02 | 2.21 × 10−02 | 2.62 × 10−02 | 4.04 | 7.96 × 10−03 | 4.70 × 10−03 | 9.33 × 10−02 | 1.11 | 7.33 × 10−01 | 9.02 × 10−01 | 5.24 × 10−01 |
| EPA | 1.3 | 0.57 | 6.94 × 10−03 | 1.40 × 10−02 | 1.98 × 10−02 | 1.65 | 6.00 × 10−02 | 5.13 × 10−02 | 2.87 × 10−01 | 0.94 | 7.50 × 10−01 | 5.35 × 10−01 | 8.60 × 10−01 |
| PC(34:6) | 1.1 | 1.26 | 2.94 × 10−02 | 1.40 × 10−02 | 3.27 × 10−02 | 0.93 | 4.36 × 10−01 | 8.36 × 10−01 | 4.56 × 10−01 | 1.18 | 4.19 × 10−02 | 7.28 × 10−02 | 8.67 × 10−01 |
| TG(64:9) | 1.1 | 1.22 | 1.51 × 10−02 | 2.21 × 10−02 | 2.29 × 10−02 | 0.23 | 2.70 × 10−05 | 1.20 × 10−03 | 4.70 × 10−01 | 0.27 | 1.00 × 10−06 | 5.83 × 10−04 | 8.07 × 10−01 |
| TG(60:14) | 1.1 | 1.32 | 1.10 × 10−02 | 1.40 × 10−02 | 2.16 × 10−02 | 0.86 | 4.81 × 10−01 | 6.28 × 10−01 | 4.81 × 10−01 | 1.13 | 1.21 × 10−01 | 9.73 × 10−02 | 7.63 × 10−01 |
| TG(68:12) | 1.3 | 1.39 | 1.47 × 10−02 | 8.00 × 10−03 | 1.88 × 10−02 | 0.27 | 3.82 × 10−02 | 9.31 × 10−02 | 5.73 × 10−02 | 0.37 | 7.10 × 10−05 | 6.66 × 10−04 | 7.28 × 10−02 |
| DHA | 1.0 | 0.41 | 3.08 × 10−02 | 2.93 × 10−02 | 3.08 × 10−02 | 2.07 | 3.46 × 10−02 | 4.11 × 10−02 | 2.15 × 10−01 | 0.85 | 7.47 × 10−01 | 9.50 × 10−01 | 5.01 × 10−01 |
a
VIP values were obtained from the CKD model.
b
Fold change (FC) was calculated based on a binary logarithm for CKD vs. Control and CKD + AO vs. CKD. FC with a value greater than zero indicates a higher intensity of the plasma metabolite between CKD vs. Control and between CKD + AO vs. CKD, while a FC value less than zero indicates a lower intensity of the plasma metabolite between CKD vs. Control and between CKD+AO vs. CKD.
c
p-values are calculated by one-way ANOVA.
d
p-values are calculated by nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test.
e
The false discovery rate (FDR) was obtained from the adjusted p-value of the FDR correction using Benjamini–Hochberg method.