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. 2018 Feb 8;8:26. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00026

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Copyright © 2018 Dufresne, Saulnier-Bellemare and Daigle.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Visible fimbriae in transmission electron microscopy. Bacteria were harvested from a 24 h-induction in LB broth supplemented with 1 mM IPTG or on LB agar supplemented with 50 μM IPTG and then fixated with 2% glutaraldehyde for 30 min. The formvar-carbon grids were stained with 1% phosphotungtic acid. Native operon was cloned under lactose-inducible promoter on pMMB207c vector and transformed into afimbrial ISP1820. (A,B) The control (pMMB207c in wild-type and afimbrial strains respectively) presents only flagella. (C–I) Fimbriae of different gene clusters are represented: (C) Fim fimbriae, (D) Saf fimbriae, (E) Sta fimbriae, (F) Stb fimbriae, (G) Std fimbriae, and (H) Tcf fimbriae. Black bars = 500 nm.