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. 2018 Feb 8;6:8. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00008

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Copyright © 2018 Wheway, Nazlamova and Hancock.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Non-canonical Wnt signaling at the primary cilium. Non-canonical Wnt ligands bind to Frizzled 3 (Fzd3) receptor, which triggers asymmetric localisation of Vangl2 in the cell. This pathway acts through Dvl to activate RhoA, and the JNK pathway, to stimulate Ca²⁺ release to stimulate remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. This is dependent upon correct definition of cell polarity by basal body migration to the apical cell surface. This migration is regulated by Dvl, by transition zone proteins meckelin (TMEM67) and TMEM216 and by basal body protein MKS1. Inversin also plays a role.