Table 2.
Socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics of children with elevated blood pressure in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| All | Normal BP | Elevated BP | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD N (%) | Mean ± SD N (%) | Mean ± SD N (%) | ||
| Age (years) | 11.1 ± 2.0 | 11.1 ± 2.1 | 12.1 ± 1.8 | 0.0001 |
| Age category | ||||
| ≤ 10 years | 138 (30.9) | 127 (33.8) | 11 (15.7) | 0.0029 |
| > 10 years | 308 (69.1) | 249 (66.2) | 59 (84.3) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Boys | 209 (46.9) | 174 (46.3) | 35 (50.0) | 0.5665 |
| Girls | 237 (53.1) | 202 (53.7) | 35 (50.0) | |
| Body mass (kg) | 34.1 ± 11.8 | 32.5 ± 10.7 | 42.8 ± 13.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Height (cm) | 142.1 ± 13.3 | 140.6 ± 12.8 | 149.8 ± 13.6 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 16.6 ± 4.0 | 16.1 ± 3.6 | 18.9 ± 5.2 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI category | ||||
| Underweight | 65 (14.6) | 57 (15.2) | 8 (11.4) | |
| Normal weight | 314 (70.4) | 276 (73.4) | 38 (54.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Overweight | 44 (9.8) | 32 (8.5) | 12 (17.2) | |
| Obese | 23 (5.2) | 11 (2.9) | 12 (17.2) | |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Rural | 197 (44.2) | 169 (44.9) | 28 (40.0) | 0.4441 |
| Urban | 249 (55.8) | 207 (55.1) | 42 (60.0) | |
| Number of adults in family | ||||
| Less than 6 adults | 187 (41.9) | 157 (41.8) | 30 (42.9) | 0.8638 |
| 6 and above adults | 259 (58.1) | 219 (58.2) | 40 (57.1) | |
| Number of children | ||||
| Less than 3 children | 201 (45.3) | 163 (43.4) | 38 (54.3) | 0.0914 |
| 3 and above children | 245 (54.7) | 223 (56.6) | 22 (45.7) | |
| Pocket money for school | ||||
| ≤ 500 Tanzanian shillings | 315 (70.5) | 268 (71.3) | 47 (67.1) | 0.4857 |
| > 500 Tanzanian shillings | 131 (29.5) | 108 (28.7) | 23 (32.9) | |
BMI Body Mass Index, BP Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, SD Standard Deviation