Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study patient population
| Overall | Pre-operative sarcopenia | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||||||
| Number of patients (%) | 115 | 23 | 92 | ||||
| Sex (%) | |||||||
| Female | 29 | (25.2) | 9 | (39.1) | 20 | (21.7) | 0.147 |
| Male | 86 | (74.8) | 14 | (60.9) | 72 | (78.3) | |
| ECOG (%) | |||||||
| 0 | 40 | (35.1) | 11 | (47.8) | 29 | (31.9) | 0.140 |
| 1 | 69 | (60.5) | 10 | (43.5) | 59 | (64.8) | |
| 2 | 5 | (4.4) | 2 | (8.7) | 3 | (3.3) | |
| Smoking status (%) | |||||||
| Current smoker | 32 | (27.8) | 11 | (47.8) | 21 | (22.8) | 0.018 |
| Ex-smoker | 40 | (34.8) | 3 | (13.0) | 37 | (40.2) | |
| Non-smoker | 43 | (37.4) | 9 | (39.1) | 34 | (37.0) | |
| T stage (%) | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | (1.8) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (2.2) | 0.894 |
| 2 | 10 | (8.9) | 2 | (8.7) | 8 | (9.0) | |
| 3 | 86 | (76.8) | 17 | (73.9) | 69 | (77.5) | |
| 4 | 14 | (12.5) | 4 | (17.4) | 10 | (11.2) | |
| N stage (%) | |||||||
| 0 | 33 | (29.5) | 6 | (26.1) | 27 | (30.3) | 0.258 |
| 1 | 74 | (66.1) | 15 | (65.2) | 59 | (66.3) | |
| 2 | 4 | (3.6) | 1 | (4.3) | 3 | (3.4) | |
| 3 | 1 | (0.9) | 1 | (4.3) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| Cancer type (%) | |||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 88 | (76.5) | 21 | (91.3) | 67 | (72.8) | 0.061 |
| SCC* | 27 | (23.5) | 2 | (8.7) | 25 | (27.2) | |
| Pathological grade** (%) | |||||||
| 1 | 9 | (16.1) | 2 | (28.6) | 7 | (14.3) | 0.723 |
| 2 | 22 | (39.3) | 3 | (42.9) | 19 | (38.8) | |
| 3 | 25 | (44.7) | 2 | (28.6) | 23 | (46.9) | |
| Tumor location (%) | |||||||
| Lower third | 95 | (82.6) | 20 | (87.0) | 75 | (81.5) | 0.646 |
| Middle third | 17 | (14.8) | 3 | (13.0) | 14 | (15.2) | |
| Upper third | 3 | (2.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (3.3) | |
| Neoadjuvant treatment (%) | |||||||
| Chemoradiation | 28 | (24.3) | 2 | (8.7) | 26 | (28.3) | 0.051 |
| Chemotherapy | 87 | (75.7) | 21 | (91.3) | 66 | (71.7) | |
| Operation type (%) | |||||||
| MIE† | 78 | (67.8) | 18 | (78.3) | 60 | (65.2) | 0.464 |
| Thoracotomy | 26 | (22.6) | 2 | (8.7) | 24 | (26.1) | |
| Hybrid-laparoscopy | 5 | (4.3) | 1 | (4.3) | 4 | (4.3) | |
| Hybrid-VATS‡ | 3 | (2.6) | 1 | (4.3) | 2 | (2.2) | |
| Transhiatal | 3 | (2.6) | 1 | (4.3) | 2 | (2.2) | |
| Preop. endo. treatment (%) | |||||||
| Any | 40 | (34.8) | 4 | (17.4) | 36 | (39.1) | 0.087 |
| Stent | 35 | (30.4) | 3 | (13.0) | 32 | (34.8) | 0.076 |
| PEG§ | 4 | (3.5) | 1 | (4.3) | 3 | (3.3) | 1.000 |
| EMR¶ | 1 | (0.9) | 1 | (4.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 0.451 |
| Age, years (mean [SD]) | 63 | [9] | 59 | [8] | 64 | [9] | 0.015 |
| Height, cm (median [IQR]) | 174 | [166,179] | 171 | [160,174] | 175 | [167,180] | 0.009 |
| Preop. weight, kg (mean [SD]) | 74 | [16] | 82 | [18] | 73 | [15] | 0.017 |
| Weight loss, kg (median [IQR]) | 7 | [0, 13] | 6 | [0, 12] | 8 | [2, 12] | 0.509 |
| FEV1% (mean [SD]) | 90 | [18] | 90 | [21] | 91 | [18] | 0.914 |
| Creatinine, umol/l (mean [SD]) | 71 | [19] | 72 | [18] | 71 | [20] | 0.810 |
| CCI (median [IQR]) | 5 | [4, 6] | 5 | [4, 6] | 5 | [5, 6] | 0.098 |
*Squamous cell carcinoma
**Grade not reported on all pathological reports
†Minimally invasive esophagectomy
‡Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
§Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
¶Endoscopic mucosal resection