Table 2.
Infants’ characteristics at enrollment
| Formula D | Formula P | Formula PDHA | Breastfed | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 30 | n = 28 | n = 30 | n = 29 | ||
| Sex, no. (%) | |||||
| Girls | 13 (43.3) | 11 (39.3) | 14 (46.7) | 18 (62.1) | 0.329 |
| Boys | 17 (56.7) | 17 (60.7) | 16 (53.3) | 11 (37.9) | |
| Delivery mode, no. (%) | |||||
| Natural | 11 (36.7) | 10 (35.7) | 17 (56.7) | 14 (48.3) | 0.310 |
| Caesarean | 19 (63.3) | 18 (64.3) | 13 (43.3) | 15 (51.7) | |
| Gestational age, weeks, mean (SD) | 38.4 (1.2) | 38.4 (1.1) | 38.3 (1.0) | 39.0 (1.0) | 0.072 |
| Age at enrollment, days, mean (SD) | 6.8 (5.6) | 4.9 (4.5) | 9.6 (7.9) | 8.8 (6.6) | 0.076 |
| Weight, g, mean (SD) | 3144.2 (448.6) | 2942.9 (386.6)X | 3156.4 (431.8) | 3308.7 (533.9) | 0.029 |
| Height, cm, mean (SD) | 49.1 (2.2) | 48.9 (2.2) | 49.7 (1.9) | 50.1 (1.8) | 0.112 |
| Head circumference, cm, mean (SD) | 34.4 (1.2) | 34.3 (1.4) | 34.7 (1.4) | 35.3 (2.0) | 0.068 |
| Fat mass, % BW, mean (SD) | 10.3 (2.9) | 10.8 (3.4) | 9.8 (3.5) | 11.6 (5.4) | 0.321 |
| Total Omega 3 in whole blood, %, mean (SD) | 12.9 (3.1) | 14.2 (3.6) | 13.2 (4.2) | 15.0 (4.3) | 0.384 |
| DHA in whole blood, %, mean (SD) | 3.2 (1.1) | 3.6 (1.1) | 3.4 (0.9) | 4.1 (1.8) | 0.057 |
Formula D contained a mixture of dairy lipids and plant oils; formula P contained only plant oils and formula PDHA contained plant oils supplemented with ARA and DHA. BW: body weight. Comparison of the 4 groups by ANOVA 1 fixed factor (Group) and post-hoc Tukey’s adjustments
Xp < 0.05 vs. BF