Table 1.

Characteristics of studies on the aggregate effect of structural adjustment programmes on child health

	Outcome measure	IFI	Study period	Sampling	Study setting	Addresses selection bias	Analysis	Effect of structural adjustment
Coburn, Restivo and Shandra, 2015	Infant mortality	AfDB	1990–2006	5-yearly	31 African countries	Yes	Fixed-effects OLS regression	Detrimental
Shandra, Shandra and London, 2012	Infant mortality	IMF	1990–2005	5-yearly	32 African countries	Yes	Fixed-effects OLS regression	Detrimental
Hajro and Joyce, 2009	Infant mortality	IMF	1985–2000	5-yearly	82 developing countries	Yes	Fixed-effects OLS regression	Beneficial for non-concessionary loans in interaction with economic growth and no association for concessionary loans
Shandra, Nobles, London and Williamson, 2004	Infant mortality	IMF	1980–1997	Two-point	59 developing countries	No	Lagged dependent panel regression	Detrimental in interaction with democracy
Noorbakhsh and Noorbakhsh, 2006	Infant mortality	World Bank	1975–1998	5-yearly	33 African countries	No	OLS regression	No association
Oliver, 2006	Infant mortality and under-5 mortality	IMF and World Bank	1980–2000	N/A	Argentina and Uruguay	No	Comparative case study	Detrimental
Pandolfelli and Shandra, 2013	Child mortality	AfDB	1990–2005	5-yearly	35 African countries	Yes	Random-effects generalised least-squares regression	Detrimental
Shandra, Shandra and London, 2011	Child mortality	World Bank	1990–2005	5-yearly	31 African countries	No	Fixed-effects OLS regression	Detrimental
Pongou, Salomon and Ezzati, 2006	Child malnutrition and maternal health-seeking behaviours	IMF and World Bank	1991–1998	Pooled two-point	1587 and 1923 children in Cameroon	No	OLS regression	Detrimental
Daoud, Nosrati, Reinsberg, Kentikelenis, Stubbs and King, 2017	Child malnourishment	IMF	c2000	Cross-sectional stratified	67 developing countries, with 1, 941, 734 children	Yes	Multi-level logistic regression	Detrimental in interaction with parental education