Table 3.
Estimated percent change in monthly incidence rate after the smoking ban (95% CI) from Poisson regression in Marion County and Indianapolis, and in strata of risk factors (sex, race, smoking status, Medicaid, and diabetes, congestive heart failure, and hypertension)a, b
| Number (%) of admissions | % change in incidence rate (95% CI) | P-value for interaction c | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Location | |||
| Marion County | 15,104 (100%) | -20% (− 25%, − 14%) | |
| Indianapolis only | 14,392 (95.3%) | −25% (− 29%, − 20%) | |
| Sex | 0.53 | ||
| Males | 8397 (55.6%) | −26% (−32%, − 20%) | |
| Females | 6707 (44.4%) | −20% (− 27%, − 12%) | |
| Raceb | 0.15 | ||
| Black | 4047 (26.8%) | −15% (− 25%, − 4%) | |
| White | 9209 (61.0%) | −21% (− 27%, − 15%) | |
| Sex and Raceb | |||
| White Females | 3905 (25.9%) | − 22% (− 31%, − 12%) | REF |
| Black Females | 1967 (13.0%) | −2% (− 17%, 17%) | < 0.0001 |
| White Males | 5304 (35.1%) | −19% (−27%, −11%) | < 0.0001 |
| Black Males | 2080 (13.8%) | − 21% (−33%, −7%) | < 0.0001 |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 5530 (36.6%) | − 21% (− 29%, −13%) | REF |
| Former | 7421 (49.1%) | −28% (−34%, − 21%) | 0.03 |
| Current | 2153 (14.3%) | − 26% (−38%, − 11%) | < 0.0001 |
| Medicaid beneficiary | < 0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 3902 (25.8%) | − 19% (− 29%, − 9) | |
| No | 11,202 (74.2%) | −26% (− 31%, − 20%) | |
| History of Diabetes | 0.41 | ||
| Yes | 6491 (43.0%) | −22% (− 29%, − 14%) | |
| No | 8613 (57.0%) | −25% (− 31%, − 18%) | |
| History of CHF | < 0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 7308 (48.4%) | −23% (− 30%, − 16%) | |
| No | 7796 (51.6%) | −24% (− 31%, − 17%) | |
| History of Hypertension | 0.03 | ||
| Yes | 11,933 (79.0%) | − 23% (− 28%, − 17%) | |
| No | 3171 (21.0%) | − 26% (− 36%, − 15%) | |
| Limited to primary AMI | 9956 (65.9%) | −16% (− 23%, − 9%) | |
aAdjusted for month (time trend), seasonality (annual sine and cosine terms), monthly mean apparent temperature (at zip-code level), monthly ambient PM2.5 concentrations (at zip-code level), and total monthly hospital discharges. Offset was the log of the total age-specific population of Marion County
bMissing/excluded: race—131 (0.87%) Hispanic or Latino, 12 (0.08%) American Indian/Alaska Native, 27 (0.18%) Asian, 404 (2.67%) Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 29 (0.2%) multiracial, 261 (1.73%) other race, 984 (6.51%) unknown/missing race
cInteraction between smoking ban and these risk factors assessed by adding interaction terms to each model