Table 1.
Characteristics of YMSM (aged 18 to 24 yearsa) from six townships in Myanmar
| Variables | RDS‐unadjustedb | RDS‐adjustedc | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N | % | % | 95% CI | |
| Socio‐demographics | ||||
| Education, highest level completed | ||||
| Primary or lower | 54/583 | 9.2 | 10.5 | 7.13 to 14.0 |
| Middle or high school | 412/583 | 70.7 | 68.4 | 63.1 to 73.4 |
| University or higher | 117/583 | 20.1 | 21.1 | 16.6 to 26.1 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Myanmar | 526/576 | 91.3 | 90.9 | 87.4 to 94.0 |
| Others (Mon, Shan, Chin, Kayin) | 50/576 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 6.0 to 12.6 |
| Religion | ||||
| Buddhist | 536/585 | 91.6 | 91.4 | 88.1 to 94.3 |
| Muslim | 21/585 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1.7 to 6.0 |
| Other (Christian, Hindu, no religion) | 28/585 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 2.9 to 7.5 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 486/581 | 83.7 | 85.2 | 81.6 to 88.6 |
| Committed to a man as married | 70/581 | 12.0 | 10.2 | 7.5 to 13.3 |
| Currently/formally married to a woman | 25/581 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 2.9 to 6.4 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Current professional employment | 199/584 | 34.1 | 28.1 | 23.0 to 33.0 |
| Current non‐professional employment | 250/584 | 42.8 | 48.5 | 42.4 to 54.3 |
| Unemployed | 135/584 | 23.1 | 23.4 | 18.5 to 28.4 |
| Sexual identity | ||||
| Apone (hidden, receptive) | 79/585 | 13.5 | 9.9 | 6.7 to 13.6 |
| Apwint (open, receptive) | 169/585 | 28.9 | 19.1 | 14.4 to 24.1 |
| Tha‐nge (masculine, insertive) | 337/585 | 57.6 | 70.9 | 64.4 to 77.6 |
| Sexual risk behaviour | ||||
| Number of male sexual partners in the last 12 monthsd, median (IQR) | 4 (2 to 8) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Having sex with other men/women for money in last 30 days | 96/585 | 16.4 | 15.7 | 12.1 to 19.7 |
| Having any unprotected vaginal/anal intercourse in the last 30 days | 175/585 | 29.9 | 29.2 | 24.9 to 34.1 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Never | 208/585 | 35.6 | 32.0 | 27.0 to 37.3 |
| ≤4 times per month | 313/585 | 53.5 | 57.0 | 52.4 to 61.9 |
| ≥2 times per week | 64/585 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 7.7 to 14.4 |
| Illicit drug use (lifetime) | ||||
| Have ever used (any) drug | 149/585 | 25.5 | 25.3 | 20.3 to 31.0 |
| Have used Marijuana | 45/585 | 7.7 | 9.0 | 6.1 to 12.1 |
| Have used Amphetamine | 27/585 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 2.9 to 7.3 |
| Have used Heroin/Cocaine | 12/585 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.1 to 4.3 |
| Injecting drug in the past 12 months (among those have ever used any drug) | 10/149 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 2.3 to 14.0 |
| History of violence and sexual abuse because of sexual orientation | ||||
| Experienced violence in the last 12 months | 119/585 | 20.3 | 18.9 | 14.9 to 22.9 |
| Experienced sexual abuse in the last 12 months | 69/585 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 8.8 to 15.4 |
| Psychosocial factors | ||||
| Disclosed sexual orientation to otherse | 405/585 | 69.2 | 67.5 | 62.2 to 71.8 |
| Reported high self‐efficacy | 486/580 | 83.8 | 80.7 | 76.4 to 84.9 |
YMSM, young men who have sex with men; RDS, respondent‐driven sampling.
Age distribution of the sample (n) was 74, 128, 91, 70, 80, 74 and 68 for participant's age from 18 to 24 years respectively.
RDS‐unadjusted sample estimates. Percentages reported are of the total sample except otherwise noted.
RDS‐adjusted population estimates using STATA commands for analysis of respondent‐driven sampling with 95% CI obtained applying bootstrapping approach. Percentages reported are of the total sample except otherwise noted.
Including regular, non‐regular sex partners and paying male clients (who paid money in exchange for sexual acts).
Others including parents/sibling, MSM or female friends who is not a sexual partner, female sexual partners.