Table 4.
Causes of maternal death in HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected women, and women with unknown HIV status (n; %), n = 692
| 1997 to 2003 | 2004 to 2009 | 2010 to 2012 | 2013 to 2015 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV‐infected (n = 71) | HIV‐uninfected (n = 30) | HIV unknown (n = 107) | HIV‐infected (n = 144) | HIV‐uninfected (n = 63) | HIV unknown (n = 61) | HIV‐infected (n = 71) | HIV‐uninfected (n = 25) | HIV unknown (n = 18) | HIV‐infected (n = 49) | HIV‐uninfected (n = 37) | HIV unknown (n = 16) | |
| Non‐pregnancy related infections | 49 (69.0) | 8 (26.7) | 11 (10.3) | 93 (64.6) | 8 (12.7) | 9 (14.7) | 42 (59.1) | 2 (8.0) | 2 (11.1) | 22 (44.9) | 5 (13.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Obstetric haemorrhage | 3 (4.2) | 3 (10.0) | 20 (18.7) | 16 (11.1) | 11 (17.5) | 13 (21.3) | 7 (9.8) | 4 (16.0) | 2 (11.1) | 4 (8.2) | 6 (16.2) | 1 (6.3) |
| Pregnancy‐related sepsis | 3 (4.2) | 6 (20.0) | 4 (3.7) | 11 (7.6) | 6 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (7.0) | 3 (12.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (12.2) | 5 (13.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Hypertensive disorders | 2 (2.8) | 7 (23.3) | 31 (29.0) | 9 (6.3) | 18 (28.6) | 21 (34.4) | 2 (2.8) | 5 (20.0) | 8 (44.4) | 9 (18.4) | 9 (24.3) | 3 (18.7) |
| Medical and surgical disorders | 2 (2.8) | 4 (13.3) | 10 (9.3) | 3 (2.1) | 10 (15.9) | 3 (4.9) | 10 (14.1) | 5 (20.0) | 2 (11.1) | 4 (8.2) | 11 (29.7) | 2 (12.5) |
| Othera | 9 (12.7) | 2 (6.7) | 25 (23.4) | 12 (8.3) | 8 (12.7) | 13 (21.3) | 3 (4.2) | 5 (20.0) | 4 (22.2) | 3 (6.1) | 1 (2.7) | 10 (62.5) |
| Unknown | 3 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.2) | 2 (3.3) | 2 (2.8) | 1 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
a
Other causes of death included: complications of miscarriages and ectopic pregnancies, anaesthetic deaths and cases of acute collapse that include suspected thromboembolism.