Table 4. Demographic Characteristics Associated With Full Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Children 6 Months Through 8 Years.
| Demographic characteristics | Fully vaccinated, a HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| 2012–2013 influenza season | 2013–2014 influenza season | |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 1.04 (0.98, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) |
| Female | ref | ref |
| Ageb | ||
| 6–23 months | ref | ref |
| 2–4 years | 1.50 (1.37, 1.64) | 1.52 (1.40, 1.65) |
| 5–8 years | 1.41 (1.30, 1.54) | 1.49 (1.38, 1.60) |
| Child's race/ethnicity | ||
| Hispanic | 1.27 (1.11, 1.44) | 1.35 (1.20, 1.53) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | ref | ref |
| White, non-Hispanic | 1.22 (1.09, 1.36) | 1.21 (1.10, 1.35) |
| Other/multiple races, non-Hispanic | 1.21 (1.05, 1.40) | 1.25 (1.11, 1.42) |
| Mother's education level | ||
| <12 years | ref | ref |
| 12 years | 1.11 (0.96, 1.28) | 0.88 (0.77, 1.00) |
| >12 years, not college graduate | 1.16 (1.00, 1.34) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) |
| College graduate | 1.44 (1.25, 1.65) | 1.34 (1.18, 1.52) |
| Poverty statusc | ||
| Above poverty, >$75,000/year | 1.28 (1.18, 1.39) | 1.31 (1.22, 1.41) |
| Above poverty, ≤$75,000/year | ref | ref |
| At or below poverty level | 1.02 (0.91, 1.14) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.17) |
| Unknown | 0.91 (0.80, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.11) |
| No. of children <18 in household | ||
| 1 child | 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) |
| 2 children | 1.13 (1.04, 1.22) | 1.12 (1.04, 1.20) |
| ≥3 children | ref | ref |
| Household in MSA | ||
| MSA, principal city | 1.08 (0.98, 1.18) | 1.07 (0.97, 1.17) |
| MSA, not principal city | 1.16 (1.06, 1.26) | 1.06 (0.98, 1.15) |
| Non-MSA | ref | ref |
Source: National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu), 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 influenza seasons.
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05) compared to the referent group.
Fully vaccinated was defined as either (1) receipt of two doses of influenza vaccine for children who were previously unvaccinated or did not receive a total of two or more doses of influenza vaccine from July 1, 2010, to the end of June 2012 for the 2012–2013 influenza seasons or June 2013 for the 2013–2014 influenza season, or (2) receipt of one dose of influenza vaccine otherwise.
Age as of November 1 of the respective influenza season.
Income/poverty level was defined based on total family income in the past calendar year, and the U.S. Census poverty thresholds for that year specified for the applicable family size and number of children <18 years. Poverty thresholds are available at www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/threshld/index.html.
HR, hazard ratio; MSA, Metropolitan Statistical Area; No., number.