Table 1.
Sample Characteristics and Bivariate Statistical Significance By Level of Food Insecurity among Older Adults in India (n=6556)1
| Secure (n=5406) |
Moderately Insecure (n=669) |
Severely Insecure (n=481) |
Total (n=6556) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean, SD) | 61.84(9.1) | 61.26(8.5) | 62.26(8.8) | 61.86(9.0) |
| Sex (n, %) | ||||
| Female | 2675(49.5) | 337(50.4) | 242(50.3) | 3254(48.6) |
| Male | 2731(50.5) | 332(49.6) | 239(49.7) | 3302(50.4) |
| Marital Status (n, %)*** | ||||
| Married | 4062(75.3) | 477(72.5) | 321(65.7) | 4860(74.1) |
| Unmarried | 1344(24.7) | 192(27.5) | 160(33.3) | 1696(25.9) |
| Residence (n, %)*** | ||||
| Urban | 1510(27.9) | 88(13.2) | 78(16.2) | 1676(25.6) |
| Rural | 3896(72.1) | 581(86.8) | 403(83.8) | 4880(74.4) |
| Number of Children (n=6519)*** | 1.77(2.1) | 1.65(1.9) | 1.58(1.9) | 1.75(2.0) |
| Wealth (n, %) (n=6518)*** | ||||
| 1st Quintile (Wealthiest) | 1553(28.9) | 40(6.0) | 32(6.7) | 1625(24.9) |
| 2nd Quintile | 1272(23.7) | 80(12.1) | 55(11.5) | 1407(21.6) |
| 3rd Quintile | 1027(19.1) | 115(17.4) | 64(13.4) | 1206(18.5) |
| 4th Quintile | 907(16.9) | 183(27.6) | 128(26.8) | 1218(18.7) |
| 5th Quintile (Poorest) | 619(11.5) | 244(36.9) | 199(41.6) | 1062(16.3) |
| Education Level (n,%)*** | ||||
| High School or Higher | 814(15.1) | 26(3.9) | 25(5.2) | 865(13.2) |
| Less than High School | 1965(36.3) | 227(33.9) | 136(28.3) | 2328(35.5) |
| No Formal Education | 2627(48.6) | 416(62.2) | 320(66.5) | 3363(51.3) |
| Caste Membership (n, %) (n=6534)*** | ||||
| Other | 4283(79.4) | 445(67.3) | 321(66.9) | 5049(77.3) |
| Scheduled Caste | 800(14.8) | 154(23.3) | 131(27.3) | 1085(16.6) |
| Scheduled Tribe | 310(5.7) | 62(9.4) | 28(5.8) | 400(6.1) |
| Religion (n,%)*** | ||||
| Hindu | 4617(85.4) | 523(78.2) | 389(80.9) | 5529(84.3) |
| Other | 199(3.7) | 19(2.8) | 19(4.0) | 237(3.6) |
| Muslim | 590(10.9) | 127(19.0) | 73(15.2) | 790(12.1) |
| Body Mass Index (n, %) (n=6367)*** | ||||
| Underweight | 1692(32.2) | 313(48.0) | 232(50.7) | 2237(35.1) |
| Normal | 2168(41.2) | 248(38.0) | 171(37.3) | 2587(40.6) |
| Elevated | 1397(26.6) | 91(14.0) | 55(12.0) | 1543(24.2) |
| Waist Circumference (n, %) (n=6424)*** | ||||
| Normal | 3168(59.7) | 504(76.8) | 353(75.9) | 4025(62.7) |
| Elevated | 2135(40.3) | 152(23.2) | 112(24.1) | 2399(37.3) |
| Fruit Intake (mean, SD) (n=6448) | 0.94(1.0) | 0.56(0.9) | 0.83(0.9) | 0.90(1.0) |
| Vegetable Intake (mean, SD) (n=6551)*** | 2.01(0.9) | 1.81(1.2) | 1.92(1.2) | 1.98(1.0) |
SD, standard deviation
1
Associations with categorical variables were tested using Pearson’s Chi-squared tests.
Associations with continuous variables were tested using one-way ANOVA
***
Statistically significant at P<0.001