Table 1. Unadjusted mean (±s.d.) values of characteristics among normal and overweight adolescents (n = 305).

Characteristics	Normal weight (n = 192)	Overweight (n = 113)	P value
Boys, n (%)	112 (58.3)	62 (54.9)
Whites, n (%)	154 (80.2)	92 (80.5)
	Mean ± s.d.
Age, years	15.2 ± 1.2	14.7 ± 1.2	<0.001
Tanner score	4.6 ± 0.7	4.5 ± 0.7	0.48
BMI (kg/m2)	20.6 ± 1.9	28.4 ± 5.2	<0.001
Waist (cm)	73.7 ± 7.1	91.0 ± 13.3	<0.001
Lean body mass (kg)	44.3 ± 9.5	42.8 ± 9.2	0.18
%Body fat	26.6 ± 9.9	45.7 ± 13.8	<0.001
Physical activity scores	5,676 ± 6,370	5,238 ± 6,251	0.56
Total energy intake (kcal)	2,700 ± 1,377	2,609 ± 1,371	0.57
Dietary intakes of nutrientsa
Potassium (mg)	3,223 ± 119	3,153 ± 151	0.72
Phosphorus (mg)	1,534 ± 57	1,559 ± 75	0.79
Calcium (mg)	1,106 ± 49	1,196 ± 68	0.28
Vitamin A (IU)	9,951 ± 472	8,843 ± 548	0.13
Vitamin D (IU)	299 ± 17	323 ± 24	0.42
ω-3 fatty acids (%kcal)	0.05 ± 0.05	0.04 ± 0.06	0.11
Total flavonoids (mg)	11 ± 1	10 ± 1	0.32
Phospholipids dairy fatty acids (%total phospholipids fatty acids)
15:0 (pentadecanoic acid)	0.22 ± 0.10	0.21 ± 0.04	0.14
17:0 (heptadecanoic acid)	0.47 ± 0.05	0.46 ± 0.06	0.01
Dairy fatty acids (15:0 + 17:0)	0.70 ± 0.12	0.67 ± 0.08	0.01
Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress
Adiponectin (mg/l)	15.0 ± 0.4	11.9 ± 0.5	<0.001
IL-6 (pg/ml)a	2.2 ± 0.1	2.5 ± 0.2	0.11
TNF-α (pg/ml)a	3.9 ± 0.2	4.6 ± 0.3	0.04
CRP (ng/ml)a	0.74 ± 0.03	0.95 ± 0.06	<0.001
F2-isoprostanes (nmol/mmol creatinine)a	0.31 ± 0.01	0.36 ± 0.02	0.01
15-keto-PGF2α (nmol/mmol creatinine)	0.19 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01	0.12

Overweight is defined as gender-age specific BMI≥85 percentile according to the CDC growth chart (23).

CRP, C-reactive protein; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

^aGeometric means.