Engineered neural stem cells co-transfected with Nurr1 and Brn4 significantly increases the maturity and viability of dopaminergic neurons and reverses behavioral deficits in Parkinsonion rats. A) HPLC quantification of dopamine (DA) release in the different groups. *p < 0.01 compared with sham group, #p < 0.01 compared with Nurr1 group, p < 0.01 compared with Nurr1 + Brn4 group, n = 6. B) Rotation behavioral analysis induced by apomorphine after NSC transplantation in all groups. *p < 0.01 compared with sham group, #p < 0.01 compared with Nurr1 group, n = 12. Reproduced with permission.[138] Copyright 2013, Elsevier.