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. 2014 Dec 5;18(6):3262–3273. doi: 10.1111/hex.12316

Table 1.

Participant characteristics and % at highest level of activation

n % Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 χ 2 sig
Gender
Male 1382 47.2 12.4 12.1 30.3 45.2 0.400
Female 2018 52.8 10.2 13.8 29.4 46.6
Age
18–30 585 21.9 16.4 12.3 26.2 45.0 0.000
31–40 537 16.6 7.6 11.3 34.2 47.0
41–50 608 18.5 14.4 11.5 29.3 44.9
51–60 649 17.3 8.9 12.2 33.5 45.4
61–70 656 16.1 7.4 12.7 26.2 53.7
71–80 281 7.3 12.1 19.6 30.9 37.4
80+ 84 2.4 7.1 28.9 32.1 32.0
Ethnicity
White 2717 77.5 10.0 12.8 30.5 46.7 0.149
Black 346 11.4 12.9 10.5 27.2 49.5
Asian/Pacific islander 101 2.2 18.1 18.4 31.7 31.7
Other 199 8.9 16.4 16.4 28.2 39.0
Income
<$15 000 396 9.7 15.1 16.5 30.0 38.4 0.001
$15–34 999 773 18.3 13.1 15.5 30.2 41.2
$35–49 999 449 12.9 14.0 14.7 31.7 39.6
>$50 000 1500 50.0 8.4 10.6 28.8 52.1
Missing 282 9.2 15.1 14.7 31.8 38.4
Education
High school or less 884 43.2 13.9 13.9 29.8 42.3 0.010
Some college 1202 28.9 9.8 12.6 32.7 45.0
College graduate 886 20.4 8.4 12.3 27.4 51.9
Graduate school 411 7.6 10.2 11.1 23.9 54.8
Region
East 764 21.5 10.3 12.5 31.6 45.5 0.804
Midwest 833 22.4 11.3 12.4 31.8 44.5
South 1041 33.4 10.6 12.5 29.0 47.9
West 762 22.7 13.0 14.8 27.3 44.8
Survey Mode
Online 2700 77.0 10.8 12.5 29.7 47.1 0.317
Phone 700 23.0 12.9 14.7 30.3 42.1
Self‐rated health
Poor 132 3.6 27.6 17.5 20.3 34.6 0.000
Fair 514 13.0 22.8 18.0 29.2 29.9
Good 1324 35.9 13.0 16.5 34.7 35.8
Very good 1042 33.4 5.4 9.4 30.4 54.7
Excellent 388 14.1 6.2 6.9 19.3 67.5
Chronic conditions
0 983 33.5 7.9 11.9 32.1 48.1 0.050
1 816 24.3 11.2 13.4 30.1 45.2
2+ 1601 42.2 13.8 13.5 28.0 44.7
Internet user
Yes 3164 94.0 11.0 11.8 29.6 47.6 0.000
No 202 6.0 12.5 30.3 32.1 25.2
Insurance status
Insured 2970 88.1 11.1 13.0 29.1 46.7 0.410
Not insured 402 11.9 12.7 13.1 33.6 40.6

n may not round to 3400 due to missing data; % are weighted.