Table 1. . Current clinical trials evaluating checkpoint inhibition.
| NCT# | Phase | Study title | Current status | Inclusion diagnosis | Intervention | Target |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT02017717 | Phase III | A Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Nivolumab Compared to Bevacizumab and of Nivolumab With or Without Ipilimumab in Glioblastoma Patients (CheckMate 143) | Recruiting | Recurrent glioblastoma | Nivolumab alone vs bevacizumab or nivolumab alone or with ipilimumab | PD-1, CTLA-4 |
| NCT02327078 | Phase I/II with glioblastoma cohort in Phase II | A Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Epacadostat Administered in Combination With Nivolumab in Select Advanced Cancers (ECHO-204) | Recruiting | Recurrent glioblastoma | Nivolumab + epacadostat | PD-1, IDO1 |
| NCT02311582 | Phase I/II | MK-3475 in Combination With MRI-guided Laser Ablation in Recurrent Malignant Gliomas | Recruiting | Recurrent malignant gliomas | MK-3475 in combination with mri-guided laser ablation | PD-1 |
| NCT02313272 | Phase I | Hypofractionated Stereotactic Irradiation (HFSRT) With Pembrolizumab and Bevacizumab for Recurrent High Grade Gliomas | Recruiting | Recurrent high grade gliomas | Pembrolizumab with radiation therapy and bevacizumab | PD-1 + VEGF |
| NCT02335918 | Phase I/II with Phase II only for glioblastoma | A Dose Escalation and Cohort Expansion Study of Anti-CD27 (Varlilumab) and Anti-PD-1 (Nivolumab) in Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors | Recruiting | Glioblastoma | Combination of varlilumab and nivolumab | CD27 + PD-1 |
| NCT02337686 | Phase II | Pharmacodynamic Study of Pembrolizumab in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma | Recruiting | Recurrent glioblastoma | Pembrolizumab | PD-1 |
| NCT02550249 | Phase II | Neoadjuvant Nivolumab in Glioblastoma (Neo-nivo) | Recruiting | Primary and recurrent Glioblastoma | Nivolumab | PD-1 |
| NCT02529072 | Phase I | Nivolumab With DC Vaccines for Recurrent Brain Tumors (AVERT) | Recruiting | Recurrent grade iii and grade iv brain tumors | Nivolumab with DC vaccines | PD-1 |
| NCT02526017 | Phase Ia/Ib | Study of FPA008 in Combination With Nivolumab in Patients With Selected Advanced Cancers (FPA008-003) | Recruiting | Malignant glioma | FPA008 in combination with nivolumab | CSF-1R + PD-1 |
| NCT02617589 | Phase III | An Investigational Immuno-therapy Study of Nivolumab Compared to Temozolomide, Each Given With Radiation Therapy, for Newly-diagnosed Patients With Glioblastoma (GBM, a Malignant Brain Cancer) (CheckMate 498) | Recruiting | Newly diagnosed adults with unmethylated MGMT glioblastoma | Nivolumab + radiation vs temozolomide + radiation | PD-1 |
| NCT02648633 | Phase I | Stereotactic Radiosurgery With Nivolumab and Valproate in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma | Recruiting | Recurrent glioblastoma | Stereotactic radiosurgery with nivolumab and concurrent valproate | PD-1 |
| NCT02658279 | Proof-of-concept, pilot study | Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Patients With Recurrent Malignant Glioma With a Hypermutator Phenotype | Recruiting | Recurrent malignant glioma with a hypermutator phenotype | Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) | PD-1 |
| NCT02658981 | Phase I | Anti-LAG-3 or Urelumab Alone and in Combination With Nivolumab in Treating Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma | Recruiting | Recurrent GBM | Anti-LAG-3 or urelumab alone and in combination with nivolumab | LAG-3 + CD137 + PD-1 |
| NCT02667587 | Phase III | An Investigational Immuno-therapy Study of Temozolomide Plus Radiation Therapy With Nivolumab or Placebo, for Newly Diagnosed Patients With Glioblastoma (GBM, a Malignant Brain Cancer) (CheckMate548) | Recruiting | MGMT-methylated glioblastoma | Temozolomide + radiation therapy with nivolumab or placebo | PD-1 |
| NCT02798406 | Phase II | Combination Adenovirus + Pembrolizumab to Trigger Immune Virus Effects (CAPTIVE) | Recruiting | Recurrent glioblastoma or gliosarcoma | DNX-2401 + Pembrolizumab | PD-1 |
| NCT02829723 | Phase I/II | Phase I/II Study of BLZ945 Single Agent or BLZ945 in Combination With PDR001 in Advanced Solid Tumors | Recruiting | Glioblastoma | BLZ945 single agent or BLZ945 in combination with PDR001 | CSF1R + PD-1 |
| NCT02852655 | Pilot | A Pilot Surgical Trial To Evaluate Early Immunologic Pharmacodynamic Parameters For The PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitor, Pembrolizumab (MK-3475), In Patients With Surgically Accessible Recurrent/Progressive Glioblastoma | Recruiting | Recurrent/progressive glioblastoma | Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) | PD-1 |
| NCT02336165 | Phase II | Phase II Study of MEDI4736 in Patients With Glioblastoma | Not recruiting | Unmethylayed MGMT GBM and recurrent GBM | MEDI4736 alone or with radiotherapy or with bevacizumab | PD-L1 |
| NCT02794883 | Phase II | Tremelimumab and Durvalumab in Combination or Alone in Treating Patients With Recurrent Malignant Glioma | Recruiting | Recurrent malignant glioma | Tremelimumab and durvalumab (MEDI4736) alone and in combination | CTLA-4 + PD-L1 |
| NCT02937844 | Phase I | Pilot Study of Autologous Chimeric Switch Receptor Modified T Cells in Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme | Recruiting | Glioblastoma multiforme | Anti-PD-L1 CSR T cells + cyclophosphamide + fludarabine | PD-L1 |
| NCT02866747 | Phase I/II | A Study Evaluating the Association of Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiation Therapy and Durvalumab for Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma (STERIMGLI) | Recruiting | Recurrent glioblastoma | Durvalumab + radiation therapy | PD-L1 |
| NCT02968940 | Phase II | Avelumab With Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy in Adults With IDH Mutant Glioblastoma | Recruiting | Transformed IDH mutant glioblastoma | Avelumab + hypofractionated radiation therapy | PD-L1 |
DC: Dendritic cell; GBM: Glioblastoma.