Table 2.
Correlates of Favorable Attitudes Toward FDA Regulation of Newly Deemed Tobacco Products, N = 1,520
| Characteristic | Number supporting FDA regulations/total number in each category (%) |
Unadjusted models OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted model aOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trial arm | |||
| Text-only warnings | 352/768 (45.8) | REF | |
| Pictorial warnings | 344/752 (45.7) | 1.00 (0.81, 1.22) | |
| Study site | |||
| California | 391/822 (47.6) | REF | |
| North Carolina | 305/698 (43.7) | 0.86 (0.70, 1.05) | |
| Age, years | |||
| 18–24 | 98/215 (45.6) | REF | |
| 25–39 | 263/573 (45.9) | 1.01 (0.74, 1.39) | |
| 40–54 | 213/464 (45.9) | 1.01 (0.73, 1.40) | |
| ≥55 | 122/268 (45.5) | 1.00 (0.70, 1.43) | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 328/721 (45.5) | REF | |
| Female | 355/773 (45.9) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) | |
| Transgender | 13/26 (50.0) | 1.20 (0.55, 2.62) | |
| Sexual orientation | |||
| Straight or heterosexual | 564/1260 (44.8) | REF | REF |
| Gay, lesbian, or bisexual | 132/260 (50.8) | 1.27 (0.97, 1.66) | 1.17 (0.88, 1.55) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | |||
| No | 646/1413 (45.7) | REF | |
| Yes | 50/107 (46.7) | 1.04 (0.70, 1.54) | |
| Race | |||
| White | 299/578 (51.7) | REF | REF |
| Black or African American | 266/683 (39.0) | 0.60 (0.48, 0.75)* | 0.89 (0.68, 1.16) |
| Other | 131/259 (50.6) | 1.00 (0.71, 1.28) | 1.15 (0.85, 1.58) |
| Education | |||
| High school degree or less | 142/432 (32.9) | REF | REF |
| Some college | 347/747 (46.5) | 1.77 (1.38, 2.27)* | 1.48 (1.14, 1.93)* |
| College graduate | 144/248 (58.1) | 2.83 (2.05, 3.90)* | 2.07 (1.45, 2.96)* |
| Graduate degree | 63/93 (67.7) | 4.29 (2.66, 6.92)* | 2.94 (1.75, 4.93)* |
| Low income, <150% of federal poverty level | |||
| No | 386/717 (53.8) | REF | REF |
| Yes | 310/803 (38.6) | 0.54 (0.44, 0.66)* | 0.73 (0.58, 0.91)* |
| Smoking frequency | |||
| Daily | 122/288 (42.4) | REF | |
| Non-daily | 574/1232 (46.6) | 1.19 (0.92, 1.54) | |
| Quit intentions | 1.26 (1.12, 1.43)* | 1.17 (1.02, 1.33)* | |
| Tobacco prevention media campaign exposure | |||
| Not exposed | 239/488 (49.0) | REF | REF |
| Exposed | 457/1032 (44.3) | 0.83 (0.67, 1.03) | 0.93 (0.73, 1.17) |
| E-cigarette advertising exposure in the past 30 days | |||
| Not exposed | 233/580 (40.2) | REF | REF |
| Exposed | 463/940 (49.3) | 1.45 (1.17, 1.78)* | 1.43 (1.14, 1.78)* |
| Positive e-cigarette user prototype | 0.83 (0.74, 0.92)* | 0.89 (0.78, 1.01) | |
| Negative e-cigarette user prototype | 1.02 (0.91, 1.15) | ||
| Positive smoker prototype | 0.87 (0.77, 0.97)* | 0.94 (0.82, 1.09) | |
| Negative smoker prototype | 1.14 (1.02, 1.27)* | 1.18 (1.05, 1.33)* | |
| E-cigarette use | |||
| Never used | 244/579 (41.1) | REF | REF |
| Ever used | 350/721 (48.5) | 1.30 (1.04, 1.62)* | 1.08 (0.84, 1.39) |
| Used in past week | 102/220 (46.4) | 1.19 (0.87, 1.62) | 1.13 (0.77, 1.60) |
| Cigar use | |||
| Never used | 282/608 (46.4) | REF | REF |
| Ever used | 294/597 (49.3) | 1.12 (0.90, 1.41) | 0.96 (0.74, 1.24) |
| Used in past week | 120/315 (38.1) | 0.71 (0.54, 0.94)* | 0.83 (0.61, 1.13) |
| Hookah use | |||
| Never used | 425/971 (43.8) | REF | REF |
| Ever used | 239/464 (51.5) | 1.37 (1.09, 1.70)* | 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) |
| Used in past week | 32/85 (37.7) | 0.78 (0.49, 1.23) | 0.91 (0.54, 1.53) |
| Trait reactance | 0.89 (0.77, 1.03) |
Note. The multivariable regression model included variables with p values <.10 in bivariate analyses.
CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; aOR = adjusted odds ratio; REF= reference category.
*
p ≤ .05