Table 1. Study cohort characteristics.
| N | Overall | Hyperuricemia | Normouricemia | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 382 | 208 | 174 | ||
| Mean ± SD, median [IQR] or percentage | ||||
| Uric acid level, mg/dl | 7.2 ± 2.6 7.0 [5.4, 8.7] |
9.0 ± 2.1 8.5 [7.4, 10.1] |
5.1 ± 1.2 5.3 [4.5, 6.0] |
<0.001 |
| Age, years | 68.4 ± 12.4 69.0 [60.0, 77.0] |
68.9 ± 12.0 69.0 [60.0, 78.0] |
67.8 ± 12.9 69.0 [60.0, 76.0] |
0.398 |
| Female | 36 | 37 | 34 | 0.68 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.0 [25.0, 34.0] | 29.0 [26.0, 36.0] | 28.0 [24.0, 33.0] | 0.08 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 85 | 91 | 78 | 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 44 | 50 | 37 | 0.012 |
| Gout | 29 | 39 | 18 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 6 | 6 | 7 | 0.641 |
| Coronary artery disease | 27 | 28 | 26 | 0.682 |
| Heart failure | 11 | 16 | 4 | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 75 | 77 | 72 | 0.242 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl a | 1.2 [0.9, 1.9] | 1.4 [1.1, 2.1] | 1.0 [0.8, 1.4] | <0.001 |
| LDL level, mg/dl b | 79.0 [58.0, 97.0] | 79.0 [57.0, 97.0] | 78.0 [61.0, 100.0] | 0.721 |
| Medications | ||||
| Beta blockers | 69 | 71 | 66 | 0.318 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 26 | 32 | 20 | 0.008 |
| Nitrates | 19 | 24 | 13 | 0.008 |
| ACE inhibitors | 40 | 39 | 42 | 0.519 |
| Diuretics | 47 | 59 | 33 | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 66 | 67 | 65 | 0.6 |
| Statins and other lipid lowering drugs | 71 | 74 | 68 | 0.205 |
| Colchicine | 8 | 13 | 3 | <0.001 |
| Xanthine oxidase inhibitors | 23 | 30 | 14 | <0.001 |
| Cardiac function | ||||
| Heart rate at rest, per minute | 70.0 [63.0, 80.0] | 71.0 [63.0, 79.5] | 69.0 [62.0, 80.0] | 0.312 |
| Systolic blood pressure at rest, mmHg | 142.0 [127.0, 162.0] | 142.0 [127.0, 163.0] | 142.0 [125.0, 161.0] | 0.638 |
| LVEF at rest, %c | 53.0 [40.0, 62.0] | 50.0 [35.0, 62.0] | 56.0 [45.0, 63.0] | 0.004 |
| LVEF at stress, %d | 57.0 [44.0, 67.0] | 55.0 [39.0, 64.0] | 61.0 [47.0, 70.0] | 0.001 |
| Sum stress score | 4.0 [0.0, 14.0] | 6.0 [0.0, 16.0] | 2.0 [0.0, 11.0] | 0.004 |
| Sum difference score | 1.0 [0.0, 6.0] | 2.0 [0.0, 6.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 5.0] | 0.155 |
| Sum rest score | 0.0 [0.0, 6.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 7.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 3.0] | 0.003 |
| Myocardial blood flow at rest, mL/min/g | 1.0 [0.8, 1.2] | 0.9 [0.7, 1.2] | 1.0 [0.8, 1.3] | 0.055 |
| Myocardial blood flow at stress, mL/min/g | 1.5 [1.1, 2.1] | 1.4 [1.0, 2.0] | 1.6 [1.2, 2.3] | 0.003 |
| Coronary flow reserve | 1.6 [1.2, 2.0] | 1.5 [1.2, 1.9] | 1.6 [1.2, 2.1] | 0.04 |
SD: standard deviation, LDL: low density lipoprotein, ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme, LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction
P-values are for the comparisons between hyperuricemia and normouricemia.
a Missing in <1% of the hyperuricemia group and 2% of the normouricemia group
b Missing in 20% of the hyperuricemia group and 22% of the normouricemia group
c Missing in 3% of the hyperuricemia group and 2% of the normouricemia group
d Missing in 2% of the hyperuricemia group and 6% of the normouricemia group