Table 3. Characteristics of patients with diabetes.
| N | Overall | Hyperuricemia | Normouricemia | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 167 | 103 | 64 | ||
| Mean ± SD, median [IQR] or percentage | ||||
| Uric acid level, mg/dl | 7.6 ± 2.7 7.4 [5.6, 9.3] |
9.2 ± 2.1 8.9 [7.6, 10.2] |
5.1 ± 1.2 5.2 [4.4, 6.1] |
<0.001 |
| Age, years | 67.1 ± 10.3 68.0 [60.0, 75.0] |
68.4 ± 10.0 68.0 [61.0, 77.0] |
65.0 ± 10.4 66.0 [59.0, 73.0] |
0.042 |
| Female | 34 | 37 | 28 | 0.243 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 32.0 [28.0, 38.0] | 33.0 [28.0, 39.0] | 31.5 [27.5, 36.0] | 0.169 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 90 | 94 | 84 | 0.037 |
| Gout | 38 | 47 | 25 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
| Coronary artery disease | 30 | 28 | 33 | 0.523 |
| Heart failure | 13 | 18 | 3 | 0.004 |
| Dyslipidemia | 79 | 80 | 78 | 0.819 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl a | 1.3 [1.0, 1.9] | 1.4 [1.1, 1.9] | 1.1 [0.9, 2.0] | 0.115 |
| LDL level, mg/dl b | 79.0 [56.0, 98.0] | 79.5 [57.0, 98.0] | 76.0 [55.0, 95.0] | 0.531 |
| Medications | ||||
| Beta blockers | 73 | 72 | 75 | 0.656 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 29 | 38 | 16 | 0.002 |
| Nitrates | 26 | 30 | 20 | 0.163 |
| ACE inhibitors | 47 | 43 | 53 | 0.19 |
| Diuretics | 56 | 68 | 36 | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 72 | 74 | 70 | 0.625 |
| Statins and other lipid lowering drugs | 75 | 75 | 75 | 0.972 |
| Colchicine | 13 | 19 | 3 | <0.001 |
| Xanthine oxidase inhibitors | 29 | 36 | 19 | 0.018 |
| Cardiac function | ||||
| Heart rate at rest, per minute | 70.0 [63.0, 80.0] | 71.0 [64.0, 80.0] | 69.5 [63.0, 80.0] | 0.567 |
| Systolic blood pressure at rest, mmHg | 143.0 [125.0, 170.0] | 144.0 [130.0, 172.0] | 139.0 [122.0, 164.0] | 0.204 |
| LVEF at rest, %c | 51.0 [39.0, 62.0] | 50.5 [35.0, 62.0] | 52.0 [42.0, 60.0] | 0.53 |
| LVEF at stress, %d | 54.0 [40.0, 66.0] | 54.0 [39.0, 65.0] | 55.0 [44.5, 70.0] | 0.205 |
| Sum stress score | 6.0 [0.0, 15.0] | 6.0 [0.0, 15.0] | 4.5 [0.0, 15.0] | 0.597 |
| Sum difference score | 2.0 [0.0, 7.0] | 3.0 [0.0, 7.0] | 2.0 [0.0, 8.0] | 0.864 |
| Sum rest score | 0.0 [0.0, 6.0] | 1.0 [0.0, 6.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 7.0] | 0.362 |
| Myocardial blood flow at rest, mL/min/g | 0.9 [0.7, 1.2] | 0.9 [0.7, 1.2] | 0.9 [0.8, 1.2] | 0.291 |
| Myocardial blood flow at stress, mL/min/g | 1.4 [1.1, 2.1] | 1.5 [1.0, 2.1] | 1.4 [1.2, 1.8] | 0.709 |
| Coronary flow reserve | 1.6 [1.2, 2.1] | 1.5 [1.2, 2.1] | 1.6 [1.2, 2.0] | 0.683 |
SD: standard deviation, LDL: low density lipoprotein, ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme, LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction
P-values are for the comparisons between hyperuricemia and normouricemia.
a Missing in 0% of the hyperuricemia group and 2% of the normouricemia group
b Missing in 17% of the hyperuricemia group and 17% of the normouricemia group
c Missing in 5% of the hyperuricemia group and 2% of the normouricemia group
d Missing in 1% of the hyperuricemia group and 6% of the normouricemia group