Table 1. PET-RAFT Polymerization of a variety of monomers using Chl a as biocatalyst and 4.8 W red LED lamp as a light source (λmax = 635 nm).
# | Exp. Cond. a [M] : [RAFT agent] : [Chl a] | Monomer | RAFT agent | [Chl a]/[M] (ppm) | Time (h) | α b (%) | M n,th. c (g mol–1) | M n,GPC d (g mol–1) | M w/Mn |
1 | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | MA | BTPA | 4 | 5 | 76 | 13 300 | 10 800 | 1.06 |
2 | 200 : 0 : 8 × 10–4 | MA | — | 4 | 10 | 6 | — | — | — |
3 | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | MMA | CPADB | 4 | 4 | 24 | 5100 | 6570 | 1.10 |
4 | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | MMA | CPADB | 4 | 20 | 50 | 10 300 | 14 650 | 1.14 |
5 | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | MMA | CPADB | 4 | 36 | 94 | 19 100 | 20 300 | 1.13 |
6 | 200 : 1 : 2 × 10–3 | MMA | CPADB | 10 | 25 | 94 | 19 100 | 20 420 | 1.16 |
7 | 200 : 1 : 5 × 10–3 | MMA | CPADB | 25 | 25 | 71 | 14 500 | 16 700 | 1.13 |
8 | 200 : 1 : 5 × 10–3 | MMA | CPADB | 25 | 15 | 50 | 10 300 | 12 360 | 1.15 |
9 | 200 : 1 : 5 × 10–3 | MMA | CPADB | 25 | 10 | 29 | 6100 | 8400 | 1.12 |
10 | 200 : 0 : 8 × 10–4 | MMA | — | 4 | 20 | 0 | — | — | — |
11 | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | NIPAAm | BTPA | 4 | 4 | 47 | 10 900 | 13 970 | 1.08 |
12 | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | HPMA | CPADB | 4 | 12 | 53 | 15 600 | 9800 (15 900) i | 1.05 |
13 | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | HEMA | CPADB | 4 | 6 | 77 | 20 330 | 22 700 | 1.09 |
14 | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | PFPA | BTPA | 4 | 6 | 55 | 26 180 | 22 300 | 1.08 |
15 | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | GMA | CPADB | 4 | 12 | 53 | 15 330 | 16 300 | 1.12 |
16 | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | DMAEMA | CPADB | 4 | 14 | 20 | 6300 | 9600 | 1.18 |
17 | 200 : 1 : 0 | DMAEMA | CPADB | 0 | 10 | 0 | — | — | — |
18 | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | MA | BSTP | 4 | 3 | 41 | 7340 | 7920 | 1.20 |
19 | 370 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | MMA | CDB | 4 | 12 | 33 | 12 500 | 15 550 | 1.27 |
20 | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | MMA | CPD | 4 | 12 | 60 | 12 240 | 13 700 | 1.17 |
21 | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | MMA | CDTPA | 4 | 14 | 79 | 16 200 | 12 800 | 1.17 |
22 f | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | MA | BTPA | 4 | 8 | 53 | 9400 | 11 500 | 1.07 |
23 g | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | MA | BTPA | 4 | 20 | 44 | 7800 | 8700 | 1.06 |
24 j | 200 : 1 : 8 × 10–4 | MMA-stat-MAA e | CPADB | 4 | 9 | ND h | ND h | 25 000 | 1.19 |
aThe polymerizations were performed in the absence of oxygen at room temperature in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) using 4.8 W red LED lamp as a light source (λmax = 635 nm).
bMonomer conversion was determined by using 1H NMR spectroscopy.
cTheoretical molecular weight was calculated using the following equation: Mn,th = [M]o/[RAFT] × MWM × α + MWRAFT, where [M]o, [RAFT]o, MWM, α, and MWRAFT correspond to initial monomer concentration, initial RAFT concentration, molar mass of monomer, conversion determined by 1H NMR, and molar mass of RAFT agent.
dMolecular weight and polydispersity were determined by GPC analysis (DMAc as eluent) based on polystyrene standards.
e[MMA]0 : [MAA]0 : [RAFT] : [Chl a] = 100 : 100 : 1 : 8 × 10–4.
fThe reaction was carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) under red LED light irradiation.
gThe reaction was carried out in acetonitrile (MeCN) under red LED light irradiation.
hNot determined.
iMolecular weight determined by 1H NMR.
jMethylation was carried out with trimethylsilyldiazomethane prior to GPC analysis (DMAc eluent) based on polystyrene standards.