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. 2018 Feb 9;13:251–259. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S153389

Table 3.

Health characteristics of the study participants, by CGA

Characteristics All participants (n=356) 65–74 years of age (n=158) ≥75 years of age (n=198) P-value
Years of education, n (%)
 >15 years 195 (54.8) 90 (57) 105 (53) 0.89
 10–15 years 102 (28.7) 46 (29.1) 56 (28.3) 0.25
 <10 years 59 (16.6) 22 (13.9) 37 (18.7) 0.65
Lives alone, n (%) 116 (32.6) 49 (31) 67 (33.8) 0.65
Currently working, n (%) 32 (9) 19 (12) 13 (6.6) 0.09
Comorbidity, n (%)
 Hypertension 315 (88.5) 135 (85.4) 180 (90.9) 0.39
 Myocardial infarction 62 (17.4) 24 (15.2) 38 (19.2) 0.99
 Stroke 47 (13.2) 21 (13.3) 26 (13.1) 0.62
 Diabetes 86 (24.2) 36 (22.8) 50 (25.3) 0.054
 Arthropathy 260 (73) 107 (67.7) 153 (77.3) 0.065
 Cancer 60 (16.9) 20 (12.7) 40 (20.2) 0.52
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD 28.8±4.9 29.9±5.02 28±4.58 <0.001
Mini-Nutritional Assessment score, n (%)
 <17 1 (0.3) 0 1 (0.5) 0.99
 17–23.5 92 (25.8) 34 (21.5) 58 (29.3) 0.11
 >23.5 263 (73.9) 124 (78.5) 139 (70.2) 0.09
Geriatric Depression Scale-15, n (%) n=354 n=157 n=197
 Score 0–5 226 (63.8) 109 (69.4) 117 (59.4) 0.059
 Score 6–15 128 (36.2) 48 (30.6) 80 (40.6)
Mini-Mental State Examination score n=350 n=158 n=192
 Mean ± SD 27.3±2.1 27.9±1.7 26.8±2.3 <0.001
 25–30, n (%) 320 (91.4) 151 (95.6) 169 (88) 0.013
 21–24, n (%) 27 (7.7) 7 (4.4) 20 (10.4) 0.044
 ≤20, n (%) 3 (0.9) 0 3 (1.6) 0.25
Clock Drawing Test, mean ± SD 8.1±1.6 8.4±1.55 7.9±1.64 <0.001
Barthel Index <100, n (%) 16 (4.5) 4 (2.5) 12 (6.1) 0.13
The Lawton IADL <27, n (%) 124 (34.8) 41 (26) 83 (41.9) 0.002
Walking speed (m/s), mean ± SD 1.0±0.2 1.1±0.22 0.9±0.24 <0.001
Timed Up and Go test (s), mean ± SD 12.1±4.5 10.8±3.67 13.4±4.85 <0.001
Maintain balance, n (%) n=345 n=154 n=191
 ≥10 s 136 (39.4) 74 (48.1) 62 (32.5) <0.001
 6–9 s 44 (12.8) 19 (12.3) 25 (13.1) 0.44
 0–5 s 165 (47.8) 61 (39.6) 104 (54.4) 0.16
Maximum hand grip strength (kg), mean ± SD
 Women 23.9±6.4 25.7±6.0 22.4±6.3 <0.001
 Men 39.1±8.3 43.6±7.4 40±7.9 <0.001
Number of medications, n (%)
 0 14 (3.9) 7 (4.4) 7 (3.5) 0.79
 1–4 160 (44.9) 65 (41.1) 95 (48) 0.19
 5–7 137 (38.5) 64 (40.5) 73 (36.9) 0.58
 ≥8 45 (12.6) 22 (13.9) 23 (11.6) 0.63

Abbreviations: CGA, comprehensive geriatric assessment; IADL, Instrumental Activity of Daily Living; s, seconds.