Table 3.
Health characteristics of the study participants, by CGA
| Characteristics | All participants (n=356) | 65–74 years of age (n=158) | ≥75 years of age (n=198) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years of education, n (%) | ||||
| >15 years | 195 (54.8) | 90 (57) | 105 (53) | 0.89 |
| 10–15 years | 102 (28.7) | 46 (29.1) | 56 (28.3) | 0.25 |
| <10 years | 59 (16.6) | 22 (13.9) | 37 (18.7) | 0.65 |
| Lives alone, n (%) | 116 (32.6) | 49 (31) | 67 (33.8) | 0.65 |
| Currently working, n (%) | 32 (9) | 19 (12) | 13 (6.6) | 0.09 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 315 (88.5) | 135 (85.4) | 180 (90.9) | 0.39 |
| Myocardial infarction | 62 (17.4) | 24 (15.2) | 38 (19.2) | 0.99 |
| Stroke | 47 (13.2) | 21 (13.3) | 26 (13.1) | 0.62 |
| Diabetes | 86 (24.2) | 36 (22.8) | 50 (25.3) | 0.054 |
| Arthropathy | 260 (73) | 107 (67.7) | 153 (77.3) | 0.065 |
| Cancer | 60 (16.9) | 20 (12.7) | 40 (20.2) | 0.52 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 28.8±4.9 | 29.9±5.02 | 28±4.58 | <0.001 |
| Mini-Nutritional Assessment score, n (%) | ||||
| <17 | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 0.99 |
| 17–23.5 | 92 (25.8) | 34 (21.5) | 58 (29.3) | 0.11 |
| >23.5 | 263 (73.9) | 124 (78.5) | 139 (70.2) | 0.09 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale-15, n (%) | n=354 | n=157 | n=197 | |
| Score 0–5 | 226 (63.8) | 109 (69.4) | 117 (59.4) | 0.059 |
| Score 6–15 | 128 (36.2) | 48 (30.6) | 80 (40.6) | |
| Mini-Mental State Examination score | n=350 | n=158 | n=192 | |
| Mean ± SD | 27.3±2.1 | 27.9±1.7 | 26.8±2.3 | <0.001 |
| 25–30, n (%) | 320 (91.4) | 151 (95.6) | 169 (88) | 0.013 |
| 21–24, n (%) | 27 (7.7) | 7 (4.4) | 20 (10.4) | 0.044 |
| ≤20, n (%) | 3 (0.9) | 0 | 3 (1.6) | 0.25 |
| Clock Drawing Test, mean ± SD | 8.1±1.6 | 8.4±1.55 | 7.9±1.64 | <0.001 |
| Barthel Index <100, n (%) | 16 (4.5) | 4 (2.5) | 12 (6.1) | 0.13 |
| The Lawton IADL <27, n (%) | 124 (34.8) | 41 (26) | 83 (41.9) | 0.002 |
| Walking speed (m/s), mean ± SD | 1.0±0.2 | 1.1±0.22 | 0.9±0.24 | <0.001 |
| Timed Up and Go test (s), mean ± SD | 12.1±4.5 | 10.8±3.67 | 13.4±4.85 | <0.001 |
| Maintain balance, n (%) | n=345 | n=154 | n=191 | |
| ≥10 s | 136 (39.4) | 74 (48.1) | 62 (32.5) | <0.001 |
| 6–9 s | 44 (12.8) | 19 (12.3) | 25 (13.1) | 0.44 |
| 0–5 s | 165 (47.8) | 61 (39.6) | 104 (54.4) | 0.16 |
| Maximum hand grip strength (kg), mean ± SD | ||||
| Women | 23.9±6.4 | 25.7±6.0 | 22.4±6.3 | <0.001 |
| Men | 39.1±8.3 | 43.6±7.4 | 40±7.9 | <0.001 |
| Number of medications, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 14 (3.9) | 7 (4.4) | 7 (3.5) | 0.79 |
| 1–4 | 160 (44.9) | 65 (41.1) | 95 (48) | 0.19 |
| 5–7 | 137 (38.5) | 64 (40.5) | 73 (36.9) | 0.58 |
| ≥8 | 45 (12.6) | 22 (13.9) | 23 (11.6) | 0.63 |
Abbreviations: CGA, comprehensive geriatric assessment; IADL, Instrumental Activity of Daily Living; s, seconds.