Tracing experiments with U-13C-glucose and confirmation that HTS decreases glucose uptake and glucose catabolism through the TCA cycle, which is in turn promoted by CMX. Hypertonic saline treatment in combination with CMX promotes activation of the pentose phosphate pathway, as indicated by the accumulation of isotopologue M+5 of ribose phosphate. Experiments were performed by incubating SAECs with HTS, alone or in combination with CMX, in the presence of uniformly labeled glucose for up to 4 h (240 min). Lines indicate median of time course tracing experiments, color coded according to the legend in panel A (top right corner).