Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2017 Nov 1;46(3):404–416. doi: 10.1007/s10439-017-1950-1

Table II.

Details for Table 1: Time-averaged viscous dissipation rate, power loss, and analyses of assumptions 2,3, and 5

Model 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AVG§ SD§§
Ėsim (mW)*1 0.56 1.87 2.68 3.88 3.69 5.97 4.16 3.56 0.87 11.7 3.89 3.19
ĖsimU⃑n(mW)*2 0.52 1.67 2.53 3.28 3.05 4.65 3.24 2.84 0.71 10.9 3.34 2.93
τ(μW)*3 1.47 3.34 2.11 1.67 1.33 5.95 4.07 3.04 2.08 3.7 2.88 1.45
q(μW)*4 −1.58 2.36 −1.09 2.29 1.72 10.03 1.16 22.9 0.39 11.6 4.98 7.68
Ėloss(mW)*5 0.52 1.67 2.53 3.28 3.05 4.65 3.24 2.82 0.71 10.9 3.33 2.92
Φ(mW)*6 0.52 1.64 2.42 3.17 2.93 4.56 3.14 2.76 0.7 10.4 3.22 2.79

ΔĖsim ǂ1 −7% −12% −6% −18% −21% −28% −28% −26% −22% −8% −17.7% 9.0%
Δ(ĖsimU⃑n) ǂ2 −8% −12% −6% −19% −21% −28% −28% −25% −23% −8% −17.7% 8.8%
Δτ ǂ3 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1%
Δq ǂ4 −0.3% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.8% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3%
ΔΦ ǂ5 0.6% 1.9% 4.5% 3.3% 3.9% 1.8% 3.2% 2.1% 1.6% 4.5% 2.7% 1.3%

§Avg = average value §§SD = standard deviation
*1Ėsim simplified power loss
*2ĖsimU⃑n power loss with correctly calculated velocity profile (U⃑n)
*3τ = ∫CS τ⃑ · U⃑ dA viscous work present on the control surface
*4
W˙q=tVρ(U22) dV
effect of time-derivatives of dynamic pressure and volume
*5Ėloss = (ĖsimU⃑n) + τq true power loss
*6Φ viscous dissipation rate
ǂ1ΔĖsim = (ĖlossĖsim)/Ėloss discrepancy between simplified and true power losses
ǂ2Δ(ĖsimU⃑n) = 1 ∸ Ėsim/(ĖsimU⃑n) time-averaged percentage discrepancy between power loss obtained using an accurate spatial velocity profile (assumption #5) and true power loss.
ǂ3 Δτ = τloss time-averaged effect of viscous work on the control surface, assumption #2
ǂ4 Δq = qloss time-averaged effect of control volume and dynamic pressure, assumption #3
ǂ5ΔΦ = (Ėloss − Φ)/Ėloss time-averaged discrepancy between viscous dissipation rate and true power loss