Table 1.
Healthy Start participant sociodemographic characteristics: comparison between the full cohort and the subsample used in this analysis
| Analytic sample N=446 |
Full Cohort N=1,382 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, years | ||
| 16–19 | 49 (11) | 174 (13) |
| 20–24 | 86 (19) | 281 (20) |
| 25–29 | 112 (25) | 334 (24) |
| 30–34 | 133 (30) | 396 (29) |
| 35–45 | 66 (15) | 197 (14) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 256 (57) | 738 (53) |
| Hispanic | 108 (24) | 347 (25) |
| Non-Hispanic African American | 53 (12) | 210 (15) |
| All others | 29 (7) | 87 (6) |
| Education | ||
| Less than 12th grade | 61 (14) | 200 (14) |
| High school or GED | 72 (16) | 253 (18) |
| Some college or associate’s degree | 98 (22) | 325 (24) |
| Four years of college (BA, BS) | 100 (22) | 304 (22) |
| Graduate degree | 115 (26) | 300 (22) |
| Household income in the previous year | ||
| Less than $40,000 | 113 (25) | 404 (29) |
| $40,000-$70,000 | 93 (21) | 256 (19) |
| Greater than $70,000 | 157 (35) | 453 (33) |
| Don’t know | 83 (19) | 269 (19) |
| Pre-pregnancy body mass index, kg/m2 | ||
| <18.5 | 14 (3) | 44 (3) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 225 (51) | 715 (52) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 125 (28) | 346 (25) |
| ≥30 | 82 (18) | 275 (20) |
| Previous pregnancies | ||
| At least one | 278 (62) | 886 (64) |
| None | 168 (38) | 496 (36) |
| Smoking status at mid-pregnancy | ||
| Any amount | 26 (6) | 99 (7) |
| None | 420 (94) | 1283 (93) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 283 (64) | 838 (61) |
| Not married, but living with partner | 85 (19) | 271 (20) |
| Not married, and living alone | 76 (17) | 267 (19) |
| Don’t know | 2 (<1) | 6 (<1) |
| Employment status at mid-pregnancy | ||
| Employed | 290 (65) | 755 (62) |
| Not employed | 196 (35) | 455 (38) |
| Gestational age at urine sample collection, weeks | ||
| 20–24 | 84 (19) | - |
| 25–27 | 158 (35) | - |
| 28–30 | 171 (38) | - |
| 31–34 | 33 (7) | - |
All values presented as n(%)