Table 3.

Simulation 3: Comparison of empirical powers (based on corrected critical values) for two studies with overlapping samples at level α = 10⁻⁴. Power is estimated based on 10⁴ non-null datasets. For a given association scenario, the method with highest power is bold-faced and the method with lowest power is italicized.

Study type	No. of traits associated	Meta-analysis method
		SHom	SHet	minP	aSPU	metaMANOVA	metaUSAT
	1	0.984	0.852	0.034	0.018	1.000	1.000
Homogeneous	2	0.000	0.048	0.051	0.099	0.083	0.093
	3	0.244	0.127	0.077	0.300	0.146	0.216
	4	0.005	0.485	0.103	0.435	0.456	0.472
	1	0.101	0.495	0.006	0.001	0.865	0.807
Heterogeneous	2	0.000	0.004	0.009	0.006	0.007	0.006
	3	0.007	0.009	0.011	0.012	0.012	0.012
	4	0.001	0.038	0.018	0.026	0.041	0.034