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. 2018 Feb 9;9:56. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00056

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Copyright © 2018 Fisk, Tam, Brown, Vyazovskiy, Bannerman and Peirson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The relationship between arousal and cognitive performance. The effects of circadian time on performance may depend upon different levels of arousal. These may in turn be integrated with other arousal-promoting stimuli. (A) Under normal low arousal conditions, performance may be better at circadian time A versus circadian time B. (B) However, under conditions of high arousal, these circadian time-dependent effects may result in better performance at time B versus time A, due to excessive arousal.