Figure 3.

Homer1a inhibits H₂O₂-induced cell injury by upregulating autophagy. HT-22 cells were treated with rapamycin (5 μM) for 24 h then H₂O₂ applied for 24 h. The expression of LC3II was determined by Western blot (A). Scale bar = 100 μm. Apoptotic cell death was measured by TUNEL staining (B,C), and cytotoxicity was detected by LDH release assay (D). HT-22 cells were transfected with LV-NC or LV-Homer1a for 48 h. After transfection, the cells were treated with 3-MA (2 mM) or CQ (10 μM) for 24 h then H₂O₂ applied for 24 h. The expression of LC3II was determined by Western blot (E). Scale bar = 100 μm. Apoptotic cell death was measured by TUNEL staining (F,G), and cytotoxicity was detected by LDH release assay (H). The data were expressed as means ± SEM from five experiments. ^*P < 0.05 vs. Control, ^&P < 0.05 vs. H₂O₂, ^#P < 0.05 vs. H₂O₂+LV-NC, ^$P < 0.05 vs. H₂O₂+LV-Homer1a.