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. 2018 Feb 13;8:2939. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21343-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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iPLA2-VIA mutants show age-dependent neurodegeneration revealed by TUNEL staining. Confocal microscopy images of adult brains are shown. Canton S (A,A’ and A”) and UAS-rpr (E and E’) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. UAS-rpr line was crossed with hs-GAL4 and raised at 18 °C. Their F₁ progeny were also raised at 18 °C and 5–7 days after eclosion flies were heat-shocked at 38 °C for 20 min. 5 days after heat shock brains of heat-shocked (E’) and non-heat-shocked control flies (E) were analyzed. No neurodegeneration was found in the brains of 14 day old mutant (B and C) and pan-neuronal knockdown flies (D). Brains dissected from both 28 day old iPLA2-VIA^25FRT null and P element insertional iPLA2- VIA^EY05103 mutants as well as from 28 day old elav-GAL4 > RNAi^HMS01544 knockdown flies (D’) show a very prominent number of apoptotic positive cells compared to physiologically and age- matched wild type Canton S controls (A,A’ and A”).