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. 2018 Feb 9;12:53. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00053

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Reduced brain stem activity also increases locomotor rhythm frequency. (A) Three sets of waveforms showing changes in fluorescence in two L2 LMC MNs before and during cooling of the brain stem and after removal of the brain stem. Each set of waveforms is shown with corresponding coherent cross-wavelet transform (CXWT) spectrogram (see Methods). The band of high-power (red) frequencies is marked with a white rectangle indicates a significantly coherence between the two signals in the neighborhood of the locomotor rhythm frequency. The two bottom white regions on either side of the V-shaped “cone of influence” indicate spectra regions not analyzed due to edge effects (Mor and Lev-Tov, 2007). (B) Bar graphs showing the average rhythm frequency in each motor column before (solid bars) and during cooling (vertically hatched bars) of the brain stem, and after removal of the brain stem (obliquely hatched bars). The increase after cooling was not as large as the increase after complete removal of the brain stem but it was observed in all experiments in both MMC and LMC MNs (Friedman test followed by Dunn's multiple post-hoc comparison, MMCcontrol vs. MMCcooled p = 0.23 MMCcontrol vs. MMCremoved p = 0.04; MMCcooled vs. MMCremoved p > 0.99; LMCcontrol vs. LMCcooled p = 0.23; LMCcontrol vs. LMCremoved p = 0.04; LMCcooled vs. LMCremoved p > 0.99). (C) Circular plots showing the effect of cooling and removing the brain stem on the intra-columnar phase differences (Watson–Williams F-test, MMCcontrol vs. MMCcooled F = 0.69, p = 0.46; MMCcontrol vs. MMCremoved F = 2.23, p = 0.19; MMCcooled vs. MMCremoved F = 0.18, p = 0.68; LMCcontrol vs. LMCcooled F = 2.28, p = 0.18; LMCcontrol vs. LMCremoved F = 5.56, p = 0.06 LMCcooled vs. LMCremoved F = 1.07, p = 0.34). (D) Bar graphs showing the effect of cooling and removal the brain stem on the intra-columnar coupling strengths (Friedman test followed by a Dunn's multiple comparison, MMCcontrol vs. MMCcooled p = 0.47; MMCcontrol vs. MMCremoved p> 0.99; MMCcooled vs. MMCremoved p> 0.99; LMCcontrol vs. LMCcooled p> 0.99; LMCcontrol vs. LMCremoved p = 0.23; LMCcooled vs. LMCremoved p = 0.47). *p < 0.05.