Table 1.

The basic characteristics of included studies

References	Design	Age mean	Subjects N(n1 + n2)	Year	Location	Population	MDC component
Barrett [19]	RCT	67	474 (238 + 236)	1.7	Canada	CKD3–4	1 + 2
Chen [14]	Cohort	63	822 (391 + 431)	5	Taiwan	CKD3–5	1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
Chen [21]	Cohort	62	1206 (592 + 614)	3	Taiwan	CKD3B–5	1 + 2 + 3 + 4
Chen [6]	Cohort	65	1056 (528 + 528)	3	Taiwan	CKD3–5	1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
Curtis [16]	Cohort	62	288 (132 + 156)	3.4	Canada, Italy	CKD5	1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
Fenton [17]	Cohort	63	365 (171 + 194)	4	UK	CKD4–5	1 + 2 + 3 + 5
Goldstein [32]	Cohort	58	87 (61 + 26)	2.3	Canada	CKD3–5	1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
Hemmelgarn [33]	Cohort	76	374 (187 + 187)	3.5	Canada	CKD3–5	1 + 2 + 3 + 5
Peeters [22]	RCT	59	788 (395 + 393)	5.7	Netherland	CKD1–5	1 + 2
Rognant [20]	Cohort	66	160 (40 + 120)	1	France	CKD4–5	1 + 2
Wei [18]	Cohort	60	140 (71 + 69)	1	Taiwan	CKD4–5	1 + 2 + 3
Wu [15]	Cohort	63	573 (287 + 286)	1	Taiwan	CKD4–5	1 + 2 + 3
Yeoh [34]	Cohort	60.3	103 (68 + 35)	4	USA	CKD5	1 + 2
Yu [31]	RCT	64	445 (232 + 213)	2.8	Taiwan	CKD3–5	1 + 2 + 3
Chan [23]	RCT	50	205 (104 + 101)	2	Hong Kong	CKD3–5	1 + 2 + 3
Cho [28]	Cohort	58	298 (149 + 149)	3.5	Korea	CKD3B–5	1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
Harris [35]	Cohort	69	437 (206 + 231)	5	USA	CKD3–5	1 + 2 + 5
Devins [36]	RCT	59	297 (149 + 148)	1	Canada	CKD3B–5	1 + 2 + 5
Levin [37]	Cohort		76 (37 + 39)	3.5	Canada	CKD5	1 + 2
Bayliss [38]	Cohort	68	2002 (233 + 1769)	4	USA	CKD2–5	1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
Zhang [39]	Cohort	58	88 (29 + 59)	3	China	CKD5	1 + 2 + 3 + 5

Professionals in MDC include: 1, nephrologist; 2, nurses; 3, dietitian; 4, pharmacists; 5, social workers

RCT randomized controlled trial