Figure 2.

Morphological analysis of Organ Chips lined by primary duodenal organoid-derived epithelial cells in the absence of endothelial cells. (a) Microscopic views showing the finger-like potrusions of the primary intestinal epithelium cultured on-chip for 12 days under continuous flow (60 µl hr⁻¹), when viewed from above by DIC imaging. (b) Representative 3D reconstruction of confocal immunofluorescence micrographs of organoid-derived intestinal epithelium grown on-chip (magenta, F-actin; blue, DAPI-stained nuclei). (c) Representative vertical cross sectional view of confocal microscopic images showing intestinal epithelium immunostained for F-actin (magenta) and Ki67 (yellow). (d) Representative vertical cross sectional, confocal, micrographic views through the intestinal epithelium-membrane interface of the intestinal epithelium grown on-chip when immunostained for F-actin (magenta) and Muc5AC (green), and nuclei with DAPI (blue) (in c and d, white dashed lines indicate upper surfaces of the porous matrix-coated membrane).